Supervisor engine for process control

ABSTRACT

A supervisor engine cooperates with an expert system in a process control environment to automatically generate, assign, track, and manage work items. The supervisor engine creates work items according to data received from the expert system, selects available personnel to execute work items, sends work items to the selected personnel, schedules the execution of the work items, and creates and stores permissions that allow the assigned personnel to complete a target function of the work item at an assigned time. The supervisor engine determines required skill sets, roles, certifications, and/or credentials associated with a work item, and selects personnel to perform the work item according to a personnel profile specifying a skill set, a role, certifications, and/or credentials associated with the personnel. Alternatively or additionally, the supervisor engine assigns a work item according to the presence of personnel at or near the target equipment.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to process plants and toprocess control systems, and more particularly, to the use of mobileuser-interface devices in process plants and in process control systems.

BACKGROUND

Distributed process control systems, like those used in chemical,petroleum or other process plants, typically include one or more processcontrollers communicatively coupled to one or more field devices viaanalog, digital or combined analog/digital buses, or via a wirelesscommunication link or network. The field devices, which may be, forexample, valves, valve positioners, switches, and transmitters (e.g.,temperature, pressure, level and flow rate sensors), are located withinthe process environment and generally perform physical or processcontrol functions such as opening or closing valves, measuring processparameters, etc. to control one or more process executing within theprocess plant or system. Smart field devices, such as field devicesconforming to the well-known Fieldbus protocol may also perform controlcalculations, alarming functions, and other control functions commonlyimplemented within the controller. The process controllers, which arealso typically located within the plant environment, receive signalsindicative of process measurements made by sensors and/or field devicesand/or other information pertaining to the field devices and execute acontroller application that runs, for example, different control modulesthat make process control decisions, generate control signals based onthe received information and coordinate with the control modules orblocks being performed in the field devices, such as HART®, WirelessHART®, and FOUNDATION® Fieldbus field devices. The control modules inthe controller send the control signals over the communication lines orlinks to the field devices to thereby control the operation of at leasta portion of the process plant or system.

Information from the field devices and the controller is usually madeavailable over a data highway to one or more other hardware devices,such as operator workstations, personal computers or computing devices,data historians, report generators, centralized databases, or othercentralized administrative computing devices that are typically placedin control rooms or other locations away from the harsher plantenvironment. Each of these hardware devices typically is centralizedacross the process plant or across a portion of the process plant. Thesehardware devices run applications that may, for example, enable anoperator to perform functions with respect to controlling a processand/or operating the process plant, such as changing settings of theprocess control routine, modifying the operation of the control moduleswithin the controllers or the field devices, viewing the current stateof the process, viewing alarms generated by field devices andcontrollers, simulating the operation of the process for the purpose oftraining personnel or testing the process control software, keeping andupdating a configuration database, etc. The data highway utilized by thehardware devices, controllers and field devices may include a wiredcommunication path, a wireless communication path, or a combination ofwired and wireless communication paths.

As an example, the DeltaV™ control system, sold by Emerson ProcessManagement, includes multiple applications stored within and executed bydifferent devices located at diverse places within a process plant. Eachof these applications provides a user-interface (UI) to allow a user(e.g., a configuration engineer, an operator, a maintenance technician,etc.) to view and/or modify aspects of the process plant operation andconfiguration. Throughout this specification, the phrase “userinterface” or “UI” is used to refer to an application or screen thatallows a user to view or modify the configuration, operation, or statusof the process plant. Similarly, the phrase “user-interface device” or“UI device” is used to refer to a device on which a user interface isoperating, whether that device is stationary (e.g., a workstation,wall-mounted display, process control device display, etc.) or mobile(e.g., a laptop computer, tablet computer, smartphone, etc.). Aconfiguration application, which resides in one or more operatorworkstations or computing devices, enables users to create or changeprocess control modules and download these process control modules via adata highway to dedicated distributed controllers. Typically, thesecontrol modules are made up of communicatively interconnected functionblocks, which are objects in an object oriented programming protocolthat perform functions within the control scheme based on inputs theretoand that provide outputs to other function blocks within the controlscheme. The configuration application may also allow a configurationdesigner to create or change operator interfaces which are used by aviewing application to display data to an operator and to enable theoperator to change settings, such as set points, within the processcontrol routines. Each dedicated controller and, in some cases, one ormore field devices, stores and executes a respective controllerapplication that runs the control modules assigned and downloadedthereto to implement actual process control functionality. The viewingapplications, which may be executed on one or more operator workstations(or on one or more remote computing devices in communicative connectionwith the operator workstations and the data highway), receive data fromthe controller application via the data highway and display this data toprocess control system designers, operators, or users using the UIs, andmay provide any of a number of different views, such as an operator'sview, an engineer's view, a technician's view, etc. A data historianapplication is typically stored in and executed by a data historiandevice that collects and stores some or all of the data provided acrossthe data highway while a configuration database application may run in astill further computer attached to the data highway to store the currentprocess control routine configuration and data associated therewith.Alternatively, the configuration database may be located in the sameworkstation as the configuration application.

The architecture of process control plants and process control systemshas been strongly influenced by limited controller and device memory,communications bandwidth, and controller and device processorcapability. For example, the use of dynamic and static non-volatilememory in the controller is usually minimized or, at the least,carefully managed. As a result, during system configuration (e.g., apriori), a user typically must choose which data in the controller is tobe archived or saved, the frequency at which it will be saved, andwhether or not compression is used, and the controller is accordinglyconfigured with this limited set of data rules. Consequently, data whichcould be useful in troubleshooting and process analysis is often notarchived, and if it is collected, the useful information may have beenlost due to data compression.

Additionally, to minimize controller memory usage in currently knownprocess control systems, data that is to be archived or saved isreported to the workstation or computing device for storage, e.g., atthe appropriate historian or data silo. The current techniques used toreport the data utilize communication resources poorly and induceexcessive controller loading. Additionally, due to the time delays incommunication and sampling at the historian or silo, the data collectionand time stamping are often out of sync with the actual process.

Similarly, in batch process control systems, to minimize controllermemory usage, batch recipes and snapshots of controller configurationtypically remain stored at a centralized administrative computing deviceor location (e.g., at a data silo or historian), and are transferred toa controller only when needed. Such a strategy introduces significantburst loads in the controller and in communication channels between theworkstation or centralized administrative computing device and thecontroller.

Furthermore, the capability and performance limitations of relationaldatabases of process control systems, combined with the high cost ofdisk storage, play a large part in structuring application data intoindependent entities or silos to meet the objectives of specificapplications. For example, within the DeltaV™ system, process models,continuous historical data, and batch and event data are saved and/orarchived in three different application databases or silos of data. Eachsilo has a different interface to access the data stored therein.

Structuring data in this manner creates a barrier in the way thathistorized data are accessed and used. For example, the root cause ofvariations in product quality may be associated with data in one or moreof these data files. However, because of the different file structuresit is not possible to provide tools that allow this data to be quicklyand easily accessed for analysis. Further, audit or synchronizingfunctions must be performed to ensure that data across different silosis consistent.

The limitations of process plants and process control system discussedabove, and other limitations, may undesirably manifest themselves in theoperation and optimization of process plants or process control systems,for instance, during plant operations, trouble shooting, and/orpredictive modeling. For example, such limitations force cumbersome andlengthy work flows that must be performed in order to obtain data fortroubleshooting and generating updated models. Additionally, theobtained data may be inaccurate due to data compression, insufficientbandwidth, or shifted time stamps.

The background description provided herein is for the purpose ofgenerally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of thepresently named inventors, to the extent it is described in thisbackground section, as well as aspects of the description that may nototherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neitherexpressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the presentdisclosure.

SUMMARY

In a first embodiment, a computer-implemented, automated method ofassigning tasks to personnel in a process plant is executed by asupervisor module and includes receiving data from an expert system andcreating a work item specifying a task according to the data receivedfrom the expert system. The method also includes selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item, sending the work item to adevice associated with the selected person, and receiving an indicationthat the selected person has accepted the work item.

In another embodiment, a process control system includes a plurality ofprocess control devices, a big data historian storing sensor andparameter data of the process control system, and an expert systemcoupled to the big data historian and operable to analyze the datastored by the big data historian. The process control system alsoincludes a supervisor module that is coupled to the expert system andoperable to assign tasks to personnel in the process plant. Thesupervisor module is configured to receive data from the expert systemand to create a work item specifying a task according to the datareceived from the expert system. The supervisor engine is alsoconfigured to select a person to execute the task specified in the workitem, to send the work item to a device associated with the selectedperson, and to receive an indication that selected person has acceptedthe work item.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an exemplary process control networkoperating in a process control system or process plant.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram depicting a broader control network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a communication architecture,including a mobile control room, in accordance with the presentdescription.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a supervisorengine according to the present description.

FIG. 4 depicts an example work item that may be generated by thesupervisor engine of FIG. 23.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting a method for assigning tasks topersonnel in a process plant.

FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting a method for managing a work flow in aprocess plant.

FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a method for facilitating taskcompletion in a process plant.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a UI device.

FIG. 9A illustrates an aspect of an exemplary mobile control room.

FIG. 9B illustrates devices in an exemplary mobile control room.

FIG. 10 illustrates example device displays associated with UIsynchronization between UI devices.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart depicting an example method for synchronizing UIdevices.

FIG. 12A is a block diagram depicting exemplary data associated with UIdevices in an example mobile control room.

FIG. 12B is a block diagram depicting exemplary data associated with UIdevices in another example of a mobile control room.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of an example method for providing session datato a UI device.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an example method for generating a GUIconfiguration at a UI device.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary method for direct stateinformation transfer between two UI devices.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart depicting an example method for transferringstate information between two UI devices coupled to a server.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart depicting an additional method for transferringstate information between two UI devices.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart depicting still another exemplary method forcontrolling a process plant using UI devices associated with a mobilecontrol room.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart depicting a method executed on a server forfacilitating mobile control of a process plant using UI devices.

FIG. 20 is a flow chart depicting a method for transferring a state of afirst UI device to a second UI device.

FIG. 21 is a flow chart depicting a method for initiating a UI sessionon a first UI device.

FIG. 22 is a flow chart depicting a second method for instantiating a UIsession on a first UI device.

FIG. 23 illustrates a second aspect of an exemplary mobile control room.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an exemplary context-aware UI device.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a mobile controlroom in a process plant.

FIG. 26 is a diagram of yet another exemplary mobile control room.

FIG. 27 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary method for generating agraphical user interface.

FIG. 28 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary method executed by a UIdevice.

FIG. 29 is a flow chart depicting a method for facilitating mobilecontrol of a process plant.

FIG. 30 is a flow chart depicting a method for determining a position ofa mobile device within a process plant.

FIG. 31 is a flow chart depicting a method for contextual operation of amobile device in a process control environment.

FIG. 32 is a flow chart depicting a method for analyzing physicalphenomena in a process plant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Decentralization and mobilization of the control and maintenancefacilities associated with a process plant brings with it a variety ofattendant advantages. For example, mobile user interface devicescooperate with stationary user interface devices to free operators,maintenance personnel, and other plant personnel from a centralizedlocation, allowing personnel to move throughout the process plantwithout sacrificing access to information about the operation and statusof the process plant. Through implementation of “big data”concepts—i.e., the collection, storage, organization, and mining of oneor more collections of data so large or complex that traditionaldatabase management tools and/or data processing applications are unableto manage the data sets within a tolerable amount of time—in combinationwith expert systems, supervisory systems, and context-aware mobileuser-interface devices, the process plant can advantageously be managedand maintained more efficiently (e.g., with less maintenance, greateryield, less down time, fewer personnel, less risk to the safety ofpersonnel and equipment, etc.), as described throughout this disclosure.

Generally, the context-aware mobile user interface devices cooperatewith the expert systems, supervisory systems, and big data systems tofacilitate improved operation of the process plant. The improvedoperation may be implemented using one or more of the presentlydescribed concepts which include, among others, aspects ofcollaboration, mobility, workflow management, personnel management,automation, accountability, verification, and diagnostics. For example,the apparatus, systems, and methods described herein may facilitateseamless transition from one user-interface device to another (e.g.,from a workstation to a tablet device or from a tablet device to amobile phone) so that a user may have the same or similar informationavailable regardless of moving from one device to another, and/or mayfacilitate collaboration between multiple personnel in the same ordifferent locations viewing the same or different data, and/or mayfacilitate the initiation or resumption of a user session regardless ofthe device on which the user happens to be operating. Mobile ones of theuser-interface devices may be device aware and/or location aware, so asto automatically display relevant information (e.g., maps, procedures,diagrams, user manuals), launch applications, and the like.Additionally, cooperation between the expert and supervisory systems andthe user-interface devices may facilitate automatic generation,assignment, and management of work items related to operator and/ormaintenance personnel activities. For example, as will be described ingreater detail below, the expert system may analyze information storedin the big data system and to determine that some task should beperformed and may, by cooperating with the supervisor system, create awork item, assign the work item to a person, create a checklist of itemsnecessary for the performance of the work item task, walk the assignedperson through the performance of the associated task, and track theprogress of the task. These and other aspects will be describedthroughout.

Turning first to the overall architecture of an example process plant,FIG. 1A is a block diagram of an exemplary process control network 100operating in a process control system or process plant 10. The processcontrol network 100 may include a network backbone 105 providingconnectivity directly or indirectly between a variety of other devices.The devices coupled to the network backbone 105 include, in variousembodiments, combinations of access points 72, gateways 75 to otherprocess plants (e.g., via an intranet or corporate wide area network),gateways 78 to external systems (e.g., to the Internet), UI devices 112,servers 150, big data appliances 102 (e.g., including big datahistorians), big data expert systems 104, supervisor engines 106,controllers 11, input/output (I/O) cards 26 and 28, wired field devices15-22, wireless gateways 35, and wireless communication networks 70. Thecommunication networks 70 may include wireless devices 40-58, whichinclude wireless field devices 40-46, wireless adapters 52 a and 52 b,access points 55 a and 55 b, and router 58. The wireless adapters 52 aand 52 b may be connected to non-wireless field devices 48 and 50,respectively. The controller 11 may include a processor 30, a memory 32,and one or more control routines 38. Though FIG. 1A depicts only asingle one of some of the devices connected to the network backbone 105,it will be understood that each of the devices could have multipleinstances on the network backbone 105 and, in fact, that the processplant 10 may include multiple network backbones 105.

The UI devices 112 may be communicatively connected to the controller 11and the wireless gateway 35 via the network backbone 105. The controller11 may be communicatively connected to wired field devices 15-22 viainput/output (I/O) cards 26 and 28 and may be communicatively connectedto wireless field devices 40-46 via the network backbone 105 and awireless gateway 35. The controller 11 may operate to implement a batchprocess or a continuous process using at least some of the field devices15-22 and 40-46. The controller 11, which may be, by way of example, theDeltaV™ controller sold by Emerson Process Management, iscommunicatively connected to the process control network backbone 105.The controller 11 may be also communicatively connected to the fielddevices 15-22 and 40-46 using any desired hardware and softwareassociated with, for example, standard 4-20 mA devices, I/O cards 26,28, and/or any smart communication protocol such as the FOUNDATION®Fieldbus protocol, the HART® protocol, the Wireless HART® protocol, etc.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1A, the controller 11, the fielddevices 15-22 and the I/O cards 26, 28 are wired devices, and the fielddevices 40-46 are wireless field devices.

In operation of the UI device 112, the UI device 112 may, in someembodiments, execute a user interface (“UI”), allowing the UI device 112to accept input via an input interface and provide output at a display.The UI device 112 may receive data (e.g., process related data such asprocess parameters, log data, sensor data, and/or any other data thatmay be captured and stored in the big data appliance 102), from theserver 150. In other embodiments, the UI may be executed, in whole or inpart, at the server 150, where the server 150 may transmit display datato the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may receive UI data (which mayinclude display data and process parameter data) via the backbone 105from other nodes in the process control network 100, such as thecontroller 11, the wireless gateway 35, or the server 150. Based on theUI data received at the UI device 112, the UI device 112 provides output(i.e., visual representations or graphics) representing aspects of theprocess associated with the process control network 100, allowing theuser to monitor the process. The user may also affect control of theprocess by providing input at the UI device 112. To illustrate, the UIdevice 112 may provide graphics representing, for example, a tankfilling process. In such a scenario, the user may read a tank levelmeasurement and decide that the tank needs to be filled. The user mayinteract with an inlet valve graphic displayed at the UI device 112 andinput a command causing the inlet valve to open.

In further operation, the UI device 112 may execute a number ofroutines, modules, or services in addition to the UI. In one embodimentthe UI device 112 may execute a context awareness routine, which mayinclude, for example, various routines or sub-routines related tolocation awareness, equipment awareness, or scheduling awareness (asshown in FIG. 27). These context routines may enable the UI device 112to render a graphical user interface configuration (“GUI configuration”)suited to a particular environment or context in which the UI device 112is operating. The UI device 112 may also execute a state determinationroutine, enabling the UI device 112 to track and save the state of theUI device 112, including the state of the applications being executed atthe UI device 112 (such as the UI). By tracking the state ofapplications on the UI device 112, the UI device 112 may allow a userto, for example, initiate a session on a first UI device 112 and startusing a second UI device 112, resuming work flow from his previoussession with minimal interruption.

The UI device 112 (or the server serving an application or screen to theUI device 112) may also execute routines related to managing plantassets. For example, some routines may be used for installing,replacing, maintaining, calibrating, diagnosing, or commissioning assetsin the process plant. Other routines may be used to prepare or completework orders associated with particular assets and/or to notify plantpersonnel (e.g., personnel in the vicinity of a particular device) of awork order. The UI device 112 may execute routines related to monitoringthe process. For example, some routines may be used for field logginginstrument data, reporting lab samples, displaying real-time assetparameters, and the like. The UI device 112 may further execute routinesrelated to compliance with plant procedures and workflow. For example,some routines may provide information related to standard operatingprocedures (SOPs), start-up procedures, shut-down procedures, lockoutprocedures, work instructions, or other product/asset documentation.Still additional routines may, when the UI device 112 is coupled to anetwork, facilitate immediate delivery of work orders and immediatesystem availability to off-line, manually entered data. Communicationroutines may include e-mail routines, text messaging routines, instantmessaging routines, etc., for facilitating communication between plantpersonnel and/or external parties providing technical or other support.

The UI device 112 (or the server serving an application or screen to theUI device 112) may further include routines supporting and/orfacilitating one or more audit processes. The audit processes mayinclude, for example, work audits and/or regulatory audits. Inembodiments, the routines may allow a user to view data and/or generatereports related to data collected, maintained, and/or collated for thepurposes of satisfying regulatory requirements. For purposes ofillustration, where the mobile control room is implemented in apharmaceutical manufacturing plant, the mobile control room mayfacilitate viewing or reporting of data collected for the purposes ofsatisfying government requirements related to the safety of the productoutput of the plant. In embodiments, the routines may allow a user toview and/or generate reports related to auditing of work orders,maintenance, or other plant processes.

In certain embodiments, the UI device 112 may implement any type ofclient, such as a thin client, web client, or thick client. For example,the UI device 112 may depend on other nodes, computers, or servers forthe bulk of the processing necessary for operation of the UI device 112.In such an example, the UI device 112 may communicate with the server150, where the server 150 may communicate with one or more other nodeson the process control network 100 and may determine the display dataand/or process data to transmit to the UI device 112. Furthermore, theUI device 112 may pass any data related to received user input to theserver 150 so that the server 150 may process the data related to userinput and operate accordingly. In other words, the UI device 112 may dolittle more than render graphics and act as a portal to one or morenodes or servers that store the data and execute the routines necessaryfor operation of the UI device 112. A thin client UI device offers theadvantage of minimal hardware requirements for the UI device 112.

In other embodiments, the UI device 112 may be a web client. In such anembodiment, a user of the UI device 112 may interact with the processcontrol system via a browser at the UI device 112. The browser enablesthe user to access data and resources at another node or server 150(such as the server 150) via the backbone 105. For example, the browsermay receive UI data, such as display data or process parameter data,from the server 150, allowing the browser to depict graphics forcontrolling and/or monitoring some or all of the process. The browsermay also receive user input (such as a mouse click on a graphic). Theuser input may cause the browser to retrieve or access an informationresource stored on the server 150. For example, the mouse click maycause the browser to retrieve (from the server 150) and displayinformation pertaining to the clicked graphic.

In yet other embodiments, the bulk of the processing for the UI device112 may take place at the UI device 112. For example, the UI device 112may execute the previously discussed UI, state determination routine,and context awareness routine. The UI device 112 may also store, access,and analyze data locally.

In operation, a user may interact with the UI device 112 to monitor orcontrol one or more devices in the process control network 100, such asany of the field devices 15-22 or the devices 40-48. The user mayinteract with the UI device 112, for example, to modify or change aparameter associated with a control routine stored in the controller 11.The processor 30 of the controller 11 implements or oversees one or moreprocess control routines (stored in a memory 32), which may includecontrol loops. The processor 30 may communicate with the field devices15-22 and 40-46 and with other nodes that are communicatively connectedto the backbone 105. It should be noted that any control routines ormodules (including quality prediction and fault detection modules orfunction blocks) described herein may have parts thereof implemented orexecuted by different controllers or other devices if so desired.Likewise, the control routines or modules described herein which are tobe implemented within the process control system 10 may take any form,including software, firmware, hardware, etc. Control routines may beimplemented in any desired software format, such as using objectoriented programming, ladder logic, sequential function charts, functionblock diagrams, or using any other software programming language ordesign paradigm. In particular, the control routines may be implementedby a user through the UI device 112. The control routines may be storedin any desired type of memory, such as random access memory (RAM), orread only memory (ROM). Likewise, the control routines may be hard-codedinto, for example, one or more EPROMs, EEPROMs, application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs), or any other hardware or firmware elements.Thus, the controller 11 may be configured (by a user using a UI device112 in certain embodiments) to implement a control strategy or controlroutine in any desired manner.

In some embodiments of the UI device 112, a user may interact with theUI device 112 to implement a control strategy at the controller 11 usingwhat are commonly referred to as function blocks, wherein each functionblock is an object or other part (e.g., a subroutine) of an overallcontrol routine and operates in conjunction with other function blocks(via communications called links) to implement process control loopswithin the process control system 10. Control based function blockstypically perform one of an input function, such as that associated witha transmitter, a sensor or other process parameter measurement device; acontrol function, such as that associated with a control routine thatperforms PID, fuzzy logic, etc. control; or an output function whichcontrols the operation of some device, such as a valve, to perform somephysical function within the process control system. Of course, hybridand other types of function blocks exist. The function blocks may havegraphical representations that are provided at the UI device 112,allowing a user to easily modify the types of function blocks, theconnections between the function blocks, and the inputs/outputsassociated with each of function blocks implemented in the processcontrol system. Function blocks may be stored in and executed by thecontroller 11, which is typically the case when these function blocksare used for, or are associated with standard 4-20 mA devices and sometypes of smart field devices such as HART devices, or may be stored inand implemented by the field devices themselves, which can be the casewith Fieldbus devices. The controller 11 may include one or more controlroutines 38 that may implement one or more control loops. Each controlloop is typically referred to as a control module, and may be performedby executing one or more of the function blocks.

The UI device 112 interacts, in embodiments, with the big data appliance102 and/or the expert system 104 and/or the supervisor engine 106. Thebig data appliance 102 may collect and store all types of processcontrol data from the process plant 10, including sensor data, controlparameters, manually input data (e.g., data collected by personnel asthey move around the process plant 10), personnel locations and commandinputs, time stamps associated with all of the data, and any other typeof data available in the process plant 10. The expert system 104,communicatively coupled to the big data appliance 102, may operateindependently or according to specific user inputs to analyze processplant data stored in the big data appliance 102. The expert system 104may develop and/or use models, recognize data trends and/orcorrelations, alert plant personnel to actual or predicted problemsand/or abnormal situations and/or sub-optimal conditions that may beaffecting or will soon affect the process plant 10, etc. In someembodiments, the expert system 104 performs these functions withoutbeing programmed specifically to associate a particular set of data ortrends with a particular problem or condition and, instead, recognizesthat a current trend or data concurrence has occurred before at oraround the time of a previous condition (which could be apositive/desirable condition or a negative/undesirable condition). Fromthe recognition of the prior occurrence of the trend or dataconcurrence, the expert system 104 may predict the condition(“pro-nostics”). The expert system 104 may also determine from the datastored in the big data appliance 102 which process variables, sensorreadings, etc. (i.e., which data) are most important in detecting,predicting, preventing and/or correcting an abnormal situation in theprocess plant 10. For example, the expert system 104 may determine thathydrocarbons are being vented from a stack and may automaticallydetermine the cause of the hydrocarbon venting and/or cause work itemsto be generated (e.g., by the supervisor engine 106) to correct theproblem causing the hydrocarbon venting and/or cause work items to begenerated to inspect equipment or observe/record a parameter that is notavailable via the network. As another example, the expert system 104 maydetermine that a trend indicated by a series of previous data pointsindicates a predicted abnormal situation, a predicted maintenanceconcern, a predicted failure, etc.

As described in detail below, the supervisor engine 106 may interactwith the big data appliance 102 and/or the expert system 104 to performautomatically and/or facilitate various supervisory activities. Forexample, the supervisor engine 106 may monitor trends identified by theexpert system 104 and create work items for plant personnel. As anotherexample, the supervisor engine 106 may monitor calibration status ofprocess plant resources and may create work items for plant personnel.In connection with these functions, the supervisor engine 106 may alsomanage personnel certifications, permissions to access equipment duringperformance of scheduled work items, and timing of work itemperformance. The supervisor engine 106 may interact with the UI devices112 to assign and track the performance of work items, and follow-upafter the completion of a work item to verify that the status orindication that resulted in the creation of the work item (e.g., theidentified trend, abnormal situation, etc.) is resolved. For instance,the supervisor engine 106 may determine from the expert engine 104 thata valve is faulty and create a work item. The supervisor engine 106 maylater determine that an maintenance worker carrying a UI device 112 isin the vicinity of the faulty valve, and request to assign the work itemto the maintenance worker, who may, via the UI device 112, accept thework item. The supervisor engine 106 may verify that the maintenanceworker has the proper skill set to perform the work item, and mayprovide the necessary permissions for the maintenance worker to performthe work item. Additionally, the supervisor engine 106 may rescheduleprocess control activities so that the work item may be completed. Thesupervisor engine 106 may provide standard operating procedures,manuals, and other documentation to the personnel before and/or duringthe performance of the work item. These are but a few examples of thesupervisor engine 106, which will be further explained below.

Referring still to FIG. 1A, the wireless field devices 40-46 communicatein a wireless network 70 using a wireless protocol, such as the WirelessHART protocol. In certain embodiments, the UI device 112 may be capableof communicating with the wireless field devices 40-46 using thewireless network 70. Such wireless field devices 40-46 may directlycommunicate with one or more other nodes of the process control network100 that are also configured to communicate wirelessly (using thewireless protocol, for example). To communicate with one or more othernodes that are not configured to communicate wirelessly, the wirelessfield devices 40-46 may utilize a wireless gateway 35 connected to thebackbone 105. Of course, the field devices 15-22 and 40-46 could conformto any other desired standard(s) or protocols, such as any wired orwireless protocols, including any standards or protocols developed inthe future.

The wireless gateway 35 is an example of a provider device 110 that mayprovide access to various wireless devices 40-58 of a wirelesscommunication network 70. In particular, the wireless gateway 35provides communicative coupling between the wireless devices 40-58 andother nodes of the process control network 100 (including the controller11 of FIG. 1A). The wireless gateway 35 provides communicative coupling,in some cases, by the routing, buffering, and timing services to lowerlayers of the wired and wireless protocol stacks (e.g., addressconversion, routing, packet segmentation, prioritization, etc.) whiletunneling a shared layer or layers of the wired and wireless protocolstacks. In other cases, the wireless gateway 35 may translate commandsbetween wired and wireless protocols that do not share any protocollayers. In addition to protocol and command conversion, the wirelessgateway 35 may provide synchronized clocking used by time slots andsuperframes (sets of communication time slots spaced equally in time) ofa scheduling scheme associated with the wireless protocol implemented inthe wireless network 30. Furthermore, the wireless gateway 35 mayprovide network management and administrative functions for the wirelessnetwork 70, such as resource management, performance adjustments,network fault mitigation, monitoring traffic, security, and the like.

Similar to the wired field devices 15-22, the wireless field devices40-46 of the wireless network 70 may perform physical control functionswithin the process plant 10, e.g., opening or closing valves or takemeasurements of process parameters. The wireless field devices 40-46,however, are configured to communicate using the wireless protocol ofthe network 70. As such, the wireless field devices 40-46, the wirelessgateway, and other wireless nodes 52-58 of the wireless network 70 areproducers and consumers of wireless communication packets.

In some scenarios, the wireless network 70 may include non-wirelessdevices. For example, a field device 48 of FIG. 1A may be a legacy 4-20mA device and a field device 50 may be a traditional wired HART device.To communicate within the network 30, the field devices 48 and 50 may beconnected to the wireless communication network 70 via a wirelessadaptor (WA) 52 a or 52 b. Additionally, the wireless adaptors 52 a, 52b may support other communication protocols such as Foundation®Fieldbus, PROFIBUS, DeviceNet, etc. Furthermore, the wireless network 30may include one or more network access points 55 a, 55 b, which may beseparate physical devices in wired communication with the wirelessgateway 35 or may be provided with the wireless gateway 35 as anintegral device. The wireless network 70 may also include one or morerouters 58 to forward packets from one wireless device to anotherwireless device within the wireless communication network 30. Thewireless devices 32-46 and 52-58 may communicate with each other andwith the wireless gateway 35 over wireless links 60 of the wirelesscommunication network 70.

Accordingly, FIG. 1A includes several examples of provider devices whichprimarily serve to provide network routing functionality andadministration to various networks of the process control system. Forexample, the wireless gateway 35, the access points 55 a, 55 b, and therouter 58 include functionality to route wireless packets in thewireless communication network 70. The wireless gateway 35 performstraffic management and administrative functions for the wireless network70, as well as routes traffic to and from wired networks that are incommunicative connection with the wireless network 70. The wirelessnetwork 70 may utilize a wireless process control protocol thatspecifically supports process control messages and functions, such asWireless HART.

In certain embodiments, the process control network 100 may includeother nodes connected to the network backbone 105 that communicate usingother wireless protocols. For example, the process control network 100may include one or more wireless access points 72 that utilize otherwireless protocols, such as WiFi or other IEEE 802.11 compliant wirelesslocal area network protocols, mobile communication protocols such asWiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), LTE (Long TermEvolution) or other ITU-R (International Telecommunication UnionRadiocommunication Sector) compatible protocols, short-wavelength radiocommunications such as near field communications (NFC) and Bluetooth, orother wireless communication protocols. Typically, such wireless accesspoints 72 allow handheld or other portable computing devices tocommunicate over a respective wireless network that is different fromthe wireless network 70 and that supports a different wireless protocolthan the wireless network 70. In some embodiments, the UI device 112communicates over the process control network 100 using a wirelessaccess point 72. In some scenarios, in addition to portable computingdevices, one or more process control devices (e.g., controller 11, fielddevices 15-22, or wireless devices 35, 40-58) may also communicate usingthe wireless network supported by the access points 72.

Additionally or alternatively, the provider devices may include one ormore gateways 75, 78 to systems that are external to the immediateprocess control system 10. In such embodiments, the UI device 112 may beused to control, monitor, or otherwise communicate with said externalsystems. Typically, such systems are customers or suppliers ofinformation generated or operated on by the process control system 10.For example, a plant gateway node 75 may communicatively connect theimmediate process plant 10 (having its own respective process controldata network backbone 105) with another process plant having its ownrespective network backbone. In an embodiment, a single network backbone105 may service multiple process plants or process control environments.

In another example, the plant gateway node 75 may communicativelyconnect the immediate process plant to a legacy or prior art processplant that does not include a process control network 100 or backbone105. In this example, the plant gateway node 75 may convert or translatemessages between a protocol utilized by the process control big databackbone 105 of the plant 10 and a different protocol utilized by thelegacy system (e.g., Ethernet, Profibus, Fieldbus, DeviceNet, etc.). Insuch an example, the UI device 112 may be used to control, monitor, orotherwise communicate with systems or networks in said legacy or priorart process plant.

The provider devices may include one or more external system gatewaynodes 78 to communicatively connect the process control network 100 withthe network of an external public or private system, such as alaboratory system (e.g., Laboratory Information Management System orLIMS), a personnel rounds database, a materials handling system, amaintenance management system, a product inventory control system, aproduction scheduling system, a weather data system, a shipping andhandling system, a packaging system, the Internet, another provider'sprocess control system, or other external systems. The external systemgateway nodes 78 may, for example, facilitate communication between theprocess control system and personnel outside of the process plant (e.g.,personnel at home). In one such instance, an operator or maintenancetechnician may use the UI device 112 from her home, connecting to thenetwork backbone 105 via a home network (not shown), the Internet, andthe gateway 78. In another instance, an operator or maintenancetechnician may use the UI device 112 from any location, connecting tothe network backbone 105 via a mobile telephony network (not shown), theInternet, and the gateway 78. The gateway nodes 78 may also facilitatecommunication between plant personnel in the process plant and entitiesor people outside of the process plant. For example, a technicianperforming service on a process control device in the process plant maycommunicate from her UI device 112 with a support representative fromthe manufacturer of the process control device. In still anotherexample, the supervisor engine 106 may monitor weather, track incomingsupply shipments, track financial data (e.g., commodity futures), andthe like, to assist the supervisor engine 106 in scheduling work items,managing production schedules, etc. Of course, all connections formedvia the gateway 78 (or the gateway 75 or, in fact, between any twodevices) may be secured connections (e.g., encrypted connections,firewalled connections, etc.).

Although FIG. 1A illustrates a single controller 11 with a finite numberof field devices 15-22 and 40-46, this is only an illustrative and anon-limiting embodiment. Any number of controllers 11 may be included inthe provider devices of the process control network 100, and any of thecontrollers 11 may communicate with any number of wired or wirelessfield devices 15-22, 40-46 to control a process in the plan 10.Furthermore, the process plant 10 may also include any number ofwireless gateways 35, routers 58, access points 55, wireless processcontrol communication networks 70, access points 72, and/or gateways 75,78.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram illustrating a broader control system 120,which may include a variety of different systems or system functions.The control system 120 includes the process plant 10, which, as anon-limiting example, may be a crude oil refinery. The system 120 mayalso be coupled to sub-sea systems 122, such as drilling or explorationsystems, for example. Various safety systems 124 may likewise beincluded in the system 120, as may fire & gas systems 126, monitoringsystems 128, and transport systems 130 (e.g., for transporting crude oilto a refinery). While FIG. 1B depicts each of the elements 10 and122-130 as a separate aspects, it is noted that various ones of theaspects could be combined. For example, the process plant 10 may, insome embodiments, include the safety systems 124 and/or the fire and gassystems 126. FIG. 1B is intended to illustrate that the presentdescription is not limited in scope to the process plant described withrespect to FIG. 1A, and may be applicable to other control, monitoring,and safety systems, and the like. While the present descriptiondescribes embodiments in terms of the process control plant 10, thisconvention is for purposes of convenience only, and is not intended tobe limiting.

The following examples illustrate several scenarios implementing in aprocess plant, such as the process plant 10, the concepts described inthis specification, and highlight the advantages of suchimplementations.

Example 1

A first user assigned to a particular area of the plant may monitor theassigned plant area via a stationary workstation in a control room. Thefirst user monitors and controls the process via a browser or otherapplication executing on the workstation, which browser or applicationcommunicates with a routine executing at a server. The first user, maydecide to go to the floor of the process plant, to inspect the plant,for example. As the user leaves the control room, the user may pick up atouch-sensitive tablet device (i.e., a second, mobile user-interfacedevice) and walk out of the control room toward the plant. The tablet,like the workstation, enables the first user to access the routine atthe server via a browser or application executing on the tablet device.The first user may be already authenticated on the tablet, or the tabletmay be associated with the first user. The tablet communicates with theserver to establish a session unique to the first user. The server maystore state information associated with the first user at theworkstation and provide the first user, via the browser or applicationoperating on the tablet, a user interface on the tablet according to thestored state information. Thus, the first user is able to resume aworkflow initiated at the workstation.

In some circumstances, the a routine operating on the mobile device maygenerate a route for the first user. The routine, perhaps cooperatingwith the expert and/or supervisor systems, may identify plant assetsthat need to be monitored or serviced. In some cases there may be apriority associated with each asset that needs monitoring or servicing,indicating the urgency to monitor or service the asset. The routine maydetermine a route for the first user that allows the user to efficientlyvisit at least some of the assets that need monitoring or servicing.

As the first user moves around the plant, a context awareness routineexecuting at the tablet receives data from various sensors and receiversin the tablet device (e.g., an NFC or RFID transceiver). The sensors andreceivers detect devices, equipment, and/or tags proximate to thetablet. In other embodiments, the tablet may have a GPS receiver forreceiving location data and may upload the location data to the serverso that the routine may execute with an awareness of the user'slocation. In any event, the routine may identify the tablet's locationor proximity to certain devices and cause the tablet to display for thefirst user a process plant overview map/graphic, zoomed into the generallocation of the first user and tablet. As the first user moves throughthe plant, the plant map display may dynamically change to focus on thearea of the map corresponding to the tablet's location.

In some instances, the plant map may include navigation functionality.For example, the first user may select a particular plantarea/device/asset as a destination. The routine may then use locationdata (e.g., received from a GPS receiver) to provide directions to theparticular plant area/device/asset.

The tablet may also display various process data or alarms as the firstuser walks through the plant 10. For example, the first user may pass apump, causing the tablet to display operational data, graphics, andalarms pertaining to the pump, especially if the pump requiresattention. The tablet may, for instance, receive a unique identifierfrom an NFC or RFID tag on or near the pump. The tablet may transmit theunique identifier to the routine via the server. The routine may receivethe unique identifier and access a database that correlates the uniqueidentifier to entities in the process plant. For example, the uniqueidentifier may correlate to pump data, such as display data, parameterdata, and alarm data pertaining to the pump. After identifying the pumpdata, the routine may transmit the pump data to the tablet, resulting inthe tablet rendering graphics and providing graphics, parameters, and/oralarms pertaining to the pump.

In a further example, the first user may realize that the pump ismalfunctioning. The first user may interact with a pump graphic or menudepicted at the tablet display, and may touch the tablet display at thegraphic location, the graphic representing a shut-off command. Thetablet may detect the first user input (e.g., capacitive touch input)and generate corresponding input data. The tablet may then transmit theinput data to the server, which receives the input data transmits ashut-down signal to the controller that controls the pump. Thecontroller receives the signal and turns the pump off. The first usermay create a task or work item associated with the pump. For example,the work item may be a request for maintenance personnel to inspectand/or fix the pump.

The routine on the tablet may also facilitate a lockout/tagoutprocedure. For example, the routine may display the properlockout/tagout procedure for the particular pump. In some instances, thefirst user, wishing to lockout the pump for safety reasons, may interactwith a task list displayed by the tablet to indicate that a particulartask in the lockout procedure has been completed, for example. In othercircumstances, the first user may interact with the routine to test afail-safe condition for the pump. For example, a simulated signal may begenerated to simulate the fail-safe condition, allowing the first userto observe the pump's response.

Example 2

The first user, still carrying the tablet, may begin walking from theprocess plant toward a control room of the process plant. The first usermay walk by a boiler. As the first user comes into proximity with theboiler, the tablet establishes RFID communication with a boiler contextID device. The tablet may receive a unique identifier from the contextID device and transmit the unique identifier to the server. The servermay identify the boiler based on the unique identifier. The server mayaccess context data to determine that the boiler has an associated workitem, and compare a skill threshold associated with the work item to askill level associated with the first user's profile. Determining thatthe first user is unqualified to work on the work item associated withthe boiler, the server may forego altering the display of tablet insteadof updating the display with information about the work item.

The user may continue walking through the plant, still carrying thetablet, and may walk by a valve. As described above, the tablet mayestablish communication with a valve context ID device. The tablet maythen receive from the device a unique identifier and transmit the uniqueidentifier to the server. The server may identify the valve based on theunique identifier. The server may then access context data to determinethat the valve has an associated schedule indicating that the valve iscurrently scheduled to be out of commission for maintenance. The servertransmits data to the tablet, causing the tablet to provide informationto the first user, where the information indicates to the first userthat the valve is currently scheduled for maintenance.

Example 3

The first user continues walking through the plant, still with thetablet in hand. A second user, in the control room and now logged intothe workstation formerly occupied by the first user (or a differentworkstation), may notice that a critical O2 gas measurement associatedwith a furnace stack is dropping. The second user creates a work itemrequesting assistance with the furnace stack. As the first user passesthe furnace stack on his way back to the control room, the tablet mayautomatically establish communication with a furnace stack context IDdevice, resulting in the tablet receiving a unique identifier associatedwith the furnace stack. The tablet may transmit the unique identifier tothe server, which may return information associated with the uniqueidentifier (e.g., information about the furnace stack), including anotification graphic that the furnace stack requires attention. Thefirst user may see and select the notification graphic, resulting indisplay of information pertaining to the created work item. The firstuser may select a graphic to indicate acceptance of the work item.

The work item may request that the first user take one or more picturesof the flame at the furnace (e.g., because flame color may indicateinadequate air flow). The picture of the flame may be transmitted to theserver. An analysis routine operating on the server, on a big dataappliance, or as part of an expert system, may analyze aspects of theimage or may compare the image of the flame to other images, captured atother times and/or under other conditions, stored on the big data systemor appliance. The analysis routine may analyze the images (by comparingthe images to the collection of previous flame images and correspondingoperational data, for example). The big data analysis routine mayindicate that air flow at the furnace is low. Based on the analysis, theexpert system may direct the first user to increase the air flow to thefurnace. In some embodiments, the first user may use the tablet toretrieve and display operating procedures for increasing air to thefurnace and, in fact, the tablet may automatically display theprocedures when the expert system directs the user to increase the airflow, in embodiments. If desired, the first user may capture anadditional image of the flame, after the adjustment, and transmit theimage to the analysis routine to confirm that the furnace stack isoperating properly.

The first user may also use the tablet to capture audio associated withthe furnace and transmit the audio to the server, big data appliance, orexpert system. An analysis routine operating, for example, on the expertsystem, may compare the audio to a sound signature associated with thefurnace to determine if the furnace is operating normally. The analysisroutine may also compare the captured audio to audio associated withknown problems. For example, belt or motor problems may be associatedwith particular sounds, and the analysis routine may detect suchproblems by comparing the captured audio to said sounds. Similarly, thefirst user may place the tablet on or near the furnace to detectvibration associated with the furnace. The tablet may receive vibrationdata via a motion sensor and transmit the vibration data to a server orbig data appliance. An analysis routine may compare the detectedvibration to a signature vibration level associated with the furnace (orto vibration levels associated with known problems) to determine if thefurnace is operating normally. In any event, the analysis ofaudio/vibration may reveal no other problems associated with the furnaceand/or confirm that the furnace needs increased air-flow.

While the first user increases air flow at the furnace, the second usermay run a query on the furnace to see if previous users have also beenincreasing air flow over the past several shifts. The query confirmsthat they have. The second user may pull up a graph showing air flowthrough the furnace with event information for each time air flow wasincreased, who made the changes, etc., all of which has been stored inthe big data appliance. The second user may share this information withthe first user, for example by requesting a shared user-interface (UI)session. The first user may receive, via the server, the request for theUI session. If the first user accepts the request, the server maycapture state information associated with the UI displayed to the seconduser, and may cause the display of the tablet the first user is using todisplay data according to the state information from the second user.Together, the first and second users may review the data regarding thefurnace and may determine that the furnace frequently experiencessimilar problems. The second user may then query the big data systemabout low O2 gas measurement events at the furnace. The big data systemmay provide a number of events, devices, users, times, and other factorsthat correlate to low O2 gas measurement events at the furnace. Forexample, the big data analysis may reveal that low O2 gas measurementsare strongly correlated to events at related process units, where thecorrelated events frequently precede the low O2 gas measurements. Inanother example, the analysis may reveal that a particular user isstrongly correlated to the low O2 gas measurement events. In otherwords, the analysis may reveal that the particular user is controllingthe furnace in a manner that is causing the low O2 gas measurements.While this example illustrates a user utilizing a UI device to requestan analysis and display the results of the analysis, it should be notedthat the big data system may also use data from and collected by the UIdevice (tablet in this scenario) to use for other analysis that may ormay not be related to the UI device. In any event, the second user mayflag the work item for further review and create a maintenance ticket tohave someone check the furnace at some point in the near future.

Example 4

At a later time, maintenance personnel may inspect the furnace and findthat the furnace was operating improperly because of at a point at whicha fuel input is coupled to the furnace, and may create a work item tocorrect the problem. The work item may have an associated taskindicating that the fuel input pipe should be welded to the furnace fuelinput, specifying the target equipment (i.e., the furnace), andindicating the skills required to perform the task (i.e., weldingskills). The work item may optionally specify a deadline for performanceof the work item.

The supervisor module may schedule the performance of the work item. Forexample, the supervisor module may schedule the performance of the workitem for a day when the plant (or the area of the plant in which thefurnace is located) is scheduled to be offline for maintenance.Alternatively or additionally, the supervisor module may schedule itaccording to the availability of personnel with the required skillsHaving identified a welder with the appropriate skills, the supervisormodule may assign the work item to the welder, and wait for the welderto accept the assigned work item. When the welder accepts the work item,the supervisor module creates permission tokens granting the welderaccess to the necessary plant functions and equipment at the time atwhich the work item is to be performed.

At the appointed time, the welder may arrive at an equipment room withhis assigned mobile user interface device, which may have reminded herthat she is scheduled to perform the work item (i.e., to weld thefurnace connection). Upon acknowledging the reminder, the UI device maydisplay a checklist, generated by the supervisor module, relating to thework item. The checklist may remind the welder that she needs to bringwith her safety equipment (e.g., a welding mask and gloves), weldingequipment (e.g., a welding power supply, electrodes, a filler material,etc.), and anything else necessary to perform the task (e.g.,replacement parts). The checklist may also specify certain tasks to beperformed before moving to the target equipment. As the welder verifies(e.g., via the user interface device) to the supervisor module that shehas all of the equipment on the checklist, and has performed thespecified tasks on the checklist, the welder may leave the equipmentroom.

Sensing that the welder has exited the equipment room, the UI deviceswitches into a map or guidance mode and displays information about thelocation of the welder within the process plant, as well as informationthat guides the welder to the target equipment (the furnace, in thiscase). When the UI device senses that the welder has arrived at thefurnace, the UI device automatically displays procedures relevant to thework item task (which may be provided by the supervisor module, forexample). For example, the UI device may first display for the welderthe safety procedures and information necessary to make sure that thework item task can be performed safely, such as displaying informationabout what material the fuel pipe to be welded to the furnace normallycarries, what material was the last material flowing through the pipe,whether the pipe has been drained, whether the pipe is currently inservice, and whether any residual material is detectable in the pipe.The UI device may also display, step by step and/or with graphics, aprocedure for clearing any residual material from the pipe to make surethat the welding procedure can be performed safely (e.g., withoutcausing an explosion). The UI device may also provide instructions for,and facilitate, shutting down and/or locking out portions of the systemsuch as, for example, upstream valves that would allow gas to flow intothe pipe, igniters in the furnace, and any other equipment that couldsubject the procedure, the welder, or the process plant to unnecessaryrisk. The welder may then perform the welding procedure, followinginstructions or other guidance if provided by the UI device, beforereleasing any lockouts and indicating the supervisor module, via the UIdevice, that the procedure is complete, after which the supervisormodule may automatically create a work item to have a second personcheck the weld before returning the plant (or portion of the plant) toservice.

These examples are illustrative of some of the advantages of thesystems, apparatus, and methods described throughout the rest of thisspecification.

It is contemplated that the presently described concepts are integratedwith systems already implemented in the process control plant. That is,in embodiments, implementation of these concepts do not require anentirely new process control system and, instead, may be integratedseamlessly with existing software and hardware elements in the plant.

The Big Data Network

In certain embodiments, the disclosed UI devices, servers, and routinesmay be implemented in a process control network supporting a big datainfrastructure (i.e., a big data network). A big data network maysupport large scale data mining and data analytics of process data. Abig data network or system may also include a plurality of big datanetwork nodes to collect and store all (or almost all) data that isgenerated, received, and/or observed by devices included in andassociated with the process control system or plant 10. A big datanetwork may include a big data appliance (e.g., the big data appliance102), which may include a unitary, logical data storage area configuredto store, sometimes using a common format, multiple types of data thatare generated by or related to the process control system, to theprocess plant 10, and to one or more processes being controlled by theprocess plant 10. For example, the unitary, logical data storage areamay store time-stamped configuration data, continuous data, event data,plant data, data indicative of a user action, network management data,and data provided by or to systems external to the process controlsystem or plant. These data may also include data related to personnel,data related to raw and/or processed materials, data related topersonnel restrictions, qualification, and certifications, data relatedto calibration and maintenance schedules, and the like. The datacollected by the big data network may, for instance, be data logs thattrack personnel and inputs received from those personnel. Such data canbe helpful for improving plant operation and efficiency. For example,the log data may be mined and analyzed by the expert system to providevaluable insight into operator inputs in various situations. The resultsmay be used to improve operator training and/or to improveresponses—either automated or manual—in various situations. In anyevent, such data is required in many instances for regulatory purposes.

As used herein, the word “unitary,” when applied to the logical datastorage area of the big data appliance 102, is not intended to mean asingle storage device. As generally known, multiple (indeed many)storage devices of a first size (or various first sizes) may becommunicatively coupled to form a storage area of a second, larger size.These may nevertheless be considered a “unitary” logical data storagefor the purposes of this description. Generally, the big data appliance102 is configured to receive data (e.g., via streaming and/or via someother protocol) from the big data network nodes of the big data networkand to store the received data. As such, the process control big dataappliance 102 may include the unitary, logical data storage area forhistorizing or storing the data that is received from the big datanodes, a plurality of appliance data receivers for receiving the data,and a plurality of appliance request servicers, as described in U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/784,041, which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference, in its entirety and for all purposes.

A process control big data system may automatically collect all datathat is generated at, received by or obtained by the nodes at the rateat which the data are generated, received or obtained, and may cause thecollected data to be delivered in high fidelity (e.g., without usinglossy data compression or any other techniques that may cause loss oforiginal information) to the process control system big data appliance102 to be stored (and, optionally, delivered to other nodes of thenetwork). The process control system big data system also may be able toprovide sophisticated data and trending analyses for any portion of thestored data. For example, the process control big data system may beable to provide automatic data analysis across process data (that, inprior art process control systems, is contained in different databasesilos) without requiring any a priori configuration and withoutrequiring any translation or conversion. Based on the analyses, theprocess control system big data system may be able to automaticallyprovide in-depth knowledge discovery, and may suggest changes to oradditional entities for the process control system. Additionally oralternatively, the process control system big data system may performactions (e.g., prescriptive, predictive, or both) based on the knowledgediscovery. The process control system big data system may also enableand assist users in performing manual knowledge discovery, and inplanning, configuring, operating, maintaining, and optimizing theprocess plant and resources associated therewith.

Expert System

The expert system 104 is a collection of routines and/or modulesconfigured to access and analyze data that is collected and stored bythe big data appliance 102. Though illustrated and described throughoutthe specification as a module separate from the big data appliance 102,in embodiments, the expert system 104 may be incorporated within the bigdata appliance 102. Additionally, the expert system 104 may include amultiplicity of modules or routines operating in different process areasand/or in different process equipment. For example, expert systemfunctionality may reside in one or more controllers 11, in one or moreprocess control devices 15-22, etc. In any event, the expert system 104uses the data collected and stored by the big data appliance 102 toidentify trends, perform diagnostics, monitor operator inputs, improvemodeling of the process plant and/or of portions of the process plant,monitor material supplies, monitor output quality and quantity, modelvarious aspects of the operation of the plant, and countless otheractivities. The expert system 104 may use pre-defined models to performanalysis of the collected data and/or may actively (and possiblyautomatically) generate models according to analysis of the data. Thoughthe expert system 104 may perform many different types of analysis, someexamples are provided below. The examples are not intended to limit thescope of the functionality of the expert system 104, but instead toillustrate a portion of the possible functionality.

In an example, the expert system 104 monitors (in real time or aftercollection and storage) data collected and stored by the big dataappliance 102, and performs analysis of data related to a specific alarmor alarm type. The expert system 104 may be programmed to analyze theprocess parameters, process inputs, sensor data, and any other datastored in the big data appliance 102 to determine any commoncharacteristics (trends, values, etc.) that are associated with aparticular alarm. The association may be a temporal association, butneed not be concurrent with the alarm. For example, the expert system104 may analyze the data to determine whether a particular operatorinput occurs with a similar temporal relationship to the alarm. Morespecifically, the expert system 104 may determine a confluence ofmultiple factors that precedes, or is otherwise predictive, of the alarmcondition, determining, for example, that when the temperature in aparticular tank is rising, and an operator releases a particularcatalyst in a specific amount into the tank, the pressure in the tankrises at a specific rate and causes the alarm condition.

In another example, the expert system 104 may be programmed to performstatistical analysis on data collected and stored by the big dataappliance 102 to determine the strength of correlations between eventsand process parameters. For instance, while a veteran operator may havea “gut” feeling about the relationships between various processors, theoperator's intuition is likely less reliable than a rigorous analysis ofthe data, which may lead the operator to respond to a process controlsituation (e.g., a rising tank temperature, a dipping pressure, etc.) bymaking adjustments to the process that may exacerbate the situation or,at least, may not correct the situation as quickly or to the same extentas other or additional adjustments might. Thus, the expert system 104may improve overall control, safety, quality, and output of the processby providing information to operators and other personnel that theymight otherwise not know or understand.

In still another example, the expert system 104 is programmed to makeadjustments to the process operating on the process plant 10 inaccordance with analysis (e.g., the analysis described in the precedingparagraphs). The expert system 104 may identify a sub-optimal orabnormal condition and may act to correct the condition by changing oneor more process inputs and/or set points. Additionally, the expertsystem 104 may be integrated with other safety systems in the processplant 10 to arrest and/or correct process conditions that may result insafety hazards to equipment and/or personnel.

Supervisor Engine

The implementation of the mobile control room by way of the UI devices112 facilitates dispersion of control, maintenance, and other aspects ofthe process plant (or of other, similar environments). That is,operators are no longer tied to a workstation to maintain optimalcontrol of the process plant and, accordingly, the lines betweenoperators and maintenance personnel—who before typically spend time inthe plant, not the control room—are blurred or removed. More personnelare available to move through the plant environment. At the same time,the big data appliance 102 stores more complete data about every aspectof the plant environment, and the expert system 104 provides morecomplete analysis of the operation and condition of the process plant.The expert system 104 and the big data appliance 102 cooperate toprovide information about the state of the processes operating in theplant, the state of the equipment in the plant, the location of andtasks associated with personnel in the plant, and countless otheraspects related to plant management, materials management, personnelmanagement, optimization, etc.

The supervisor engine 106 utilizes the data and analysis provided by theexpert system 104 to manage the personnel within the process plant.Specifically, the supervisor engine 106 may monitor trends identified bythe expert system 104 and may create work items for plant personnel.Though illustrated and described throughout the specification as amodule separate from the big data appliance 102 and the expert system104, in embodiments, the supervisor engine 106 may be incorporatedwithin the big data appliance 102 and/or within the expert system 104.FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the communication architecturebetween the mobile control room UI devices 112, the supervisor engine106, and the expert system 104 and big data appliance 102. As describedabove, the expert system 104 may obtain and analyze data stored in thebig data appliance 102 and may, in some embodiments, store data in thebig data appliance 102. For example, the expert system 104 may obtaindata related to an aspect of the process control system and perform oneor more analyses on the data obtained. The analyses performed by theexpert system 104 may be performed according to a preprogrammed modelor, in embodiments, may be performed without a model (i.e., the expertsystem 104 may search data for unknown correlations or relationships).In any event, the expert system 104 may store analytical data (e.g.,regression data, correlated data, etc.) within the big data appliance102.

The supervisor engine 106 may use data received/retrieved from theexpert system 104 and/or data received from the big data appliance 102.For example, the supervisor engine 106 may receive data from the expertsystem 104 indicating that a particular parameter is most closelycorrelated with a particular abnormal condition or with a particularoptimal condition. As another example, the supervisor engine 106 mayreceive data from the expert system 104 indicating that a particularparameter should be checked, or that a particular adjustment to aprocess control device/routine needs to be made to avoid an abnormalcondition. As yet another example, the supervisor engine 106 may receivedata from the expert system 104 indicating that the expert system 104has identified a trend that indicates maintenance is needed or will beneeded at a predicted time. Alternatively or additionally, thesupervisor engine 106 may receive or retrieve data from the big dataappliance 102. For example, a routine executed by the supervisor engine106 may relate to periodic, scheduled maintenance (i.e., maintenancethat occurs at routine, scheduled intervals or intervals determined by aparameter of the plant). That is, the supervisor engine 106 may monitora parameter of the process plant or of a device within the processplant, for example to determine how many hours the device has been inservice since the most recent maintenance, or how many times the device(e.g., a valve) has been actuated since the most recent maintenance.This type of data may be stored in the big data appliance 102 andretrieved by the supervisor engine 106.

Work Item Creation

The supervisor engine 106 may use the received data to create work itemsfor plant personnel and/or otherwise cause certain actions to be takenin the process plant. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating anembodiment of the supervisor engine 106. The supervisor engine 106 mayinclude a work item manager 300. The work item manager 300 may be a setof routines and/or instructions stored on a computer readable medium andexecuted by a processor and operable to create work items. Each workitem may be a task or procedure to be completed by one or more processplant personnel. For example, a work item may include replacing orrepairing a device, taking a parameter reading, making an adjustment toa device or parameter, inspecting equipment or product, performing acalibration procedure, programming a device, or any other action thatrequires personnel to complete. As the work item manager 300 generateswork items, the work items may be stored in a work item list 302existing in a memory associated with the supervisor engine 106. Withreference to FIG. 4, an exemplary work item 400 may include a variety ofinformation including a work type or function 402 (e.g., wiring checkout, equipment replacement, equipment calibration, maintenance (e.g.,lubrication, etc.), etc.); a list 404 of equipment needed to execute thework item; a target equipment field 406 identifying the equipment towhich the work item pertains; a target start time/date 408; a targetcompletion time/date 410; a priority field 412 (e.g., “immediate,”“within 12 hours,” “within 24 hours,” “after current batch”, “duringnext shutdown,” “high,” “medium,” “low,” etc.); a required skill setfield 414 and/or required credential field (not shown); and a targetequipment type field 416. Of course, fewer or additional fields may beincluded in the work item 400.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the supervisor engine 106 may also include aset 304 of personnel profiles 306. Each of the personnel profiles 306contains information related to a particular operator, maintenancetechnician, or other plant personnel. The information in a personnelprofile 306 may include skill sets, certifications and/or credentials,roles (e.g., operator, maintenance, security, safety), workinghours/schedules, rounding schedules (i.e., routine and/or scheduledroutes that personnel take through the plant to record parameter data orvisually inspect aspects of the process plant), and/or any otherinformation that may be relevant to the performance of various dutieswithin the process plant.

Work Flow Management

A work item scheduler 308 may be stored as a set of instructions on amachine-readable medium. The instructions may be executable by aprocessor to perform scheduling of work items stored in the work itemlist 302. The work item scheduler 308 may schedule work items accordingto any of a variety of factors. For instance, the work item scheduler308 may schedule work items according to the priority of each work item;according to the personnel that are scheduled to be at a location(“target location”) proximate a piece of equipment (“target equipment”)related to the work item; according to the personnel that are currentlyat a target location proximate the target equipment; according to thecurrent availability of personnel (e.g., personnel that are or will beon shift at the desired time of work item start/completion and/orpersonnel that are otherwise unassigned at the desired time of work itemstart/completion); according to the necessary/required/desired skillsets, roles, certifications, and/or credentials of personnel; accordingto scheduled plant maintenance and/or shut-down schedules; etc. By wayof example, and without limitation, the work item scheduler 308 maytrack the work items in the work item list 302, noting the targetlocations and/or target equipment associated with each work item. Thework item scheduler 308 may receive information from a personneltracking routine 310 that tracks the location of the personnel via theUI devices 112 carried by the personnel. When the personnel trackingroutine 310 reports that a mobile operator is located proximate a targetlocation or target equipment (e.g., by determining the personnel loggedinto or assigned to a UI device 112 for which a location is known), thework item scheduler 308 may consult the personnel profile 306 associatedwith the mobile operator to determine if the mobile operator has theskill set and/or credentials necessary to perform the task (“targetfunction”) associated with the work item. If the mobile operator has theappropriate skill set and/or credentials, the work item scheduler 308may assign the work item to the mobile operator and, if the operatoraccepts the work item, the work item scheduler 308 may create anynecessary permissions for the operator to perform the target function onthe target equipment. Of course, it will be understood that one or morepersons may be assigned a single work item, as certain tasks requiremore than one person to complete.

In embodiments, the permissions are created as tokens or entries in adatabase 312 stored in a memory associated with the supervisor engine106. Each permission token defines the target function (e.g., wiringcheckout), the target equipment, the ID(s) of the worker(s) assigned tothe work item, and, optionally, the expiration time and date of thetoken. Permission tokens may be required for all work items, for somework items, for work items associated with specific equipment orequipment types, with particular target functions (i.e., work itemtasks), and the like. The permission token gives specific access rightsto the mobile personnel assigned to the work item, and can be revoked bythe system and at any time. In some embodiments, permission may also bedependent on external factors. For example, a permission token mayspecify that a mobile worker has permission to perform a target functionduring a particular time period, during a particular plant event (e.g.,during a shutdown of an area of the plant), etc.

Additionally, the supervisor engine 106 and, specifically, the work itemscheduler 308 may schedule work items according to external factors,especially (though not exclusively) where the work items will result inproduction schedule changes or significant down time. For example, thesupervisor engine 106 may communicate via the network backbone 105 andthe gateway 78 with systems outside of the immediate process plant toobtain data related to weather, deliveries of raw materials or othersupplies, deliveries of parts, tools, or equipment required forexecution of the work item, product shipping schedules, and the like. Asa non-limiting example, the work item scheduler 308 may delay thescheduling of a work item if the work item will interfere withproduction and a shipment of a perishable raw material is scheduled tobe received before the work item can be completed. As another example, aparticular work item in an outdoor location may require dry conditions(i.e., not raining) for completion of the target function (e.g., wiringcheckout), and the work item scheduler 308 may schedule a work itemaccording to a weather forecast.

A method 500 of assigning tasks to personnel in a process plant isdepicted in a flow chart in FIG. 5. The method 500 may include receivingdata from an expert system (block 505) and creating a work itemspecifying a task according to the data received from the expert system(block 510). The method may also include selecting a person to executethe task specified in the work item (block 515), sending the work itemto a device associated with the selected person (block 520), and mayinclude receiving an indication that the selected person has acceptedthe work item (block 525). Receiving data from the expert system mayinclude receiving data indicating a predicted problem in the processplant, receiving data indicating a trend associated with a processparameter, receiving a request to provide the expert system with aparameter value, receiving an instruction to perform a particular actionwith respect to a process control device, and the like. Where receivingdata includes receiving a request to provide a parameter value, creatingthe work item may include creating a work item in which the specifiedtask is to observe and record a parameter value that is not transmittedautomatically from a device that senses or otherwise receives theparameter. Creating a work item may include, in embodiments, creating awork item in which the specified task is to perform a maintenance task,a calibration task, a replacement task, an inspection task, or a repairtask. Creating a work item may also include specifying an equipmenttarget (e.g., a piece of equipment on which the specified task will beperformed) related to the specified task. Selecting a person to executethe task may include selecting a person according to location datareceived from a device (e.g., a mobile user interface device, a GPSdevice, a proximity card device, etc.) associated with the selectedperson. The method 500 may also include creating and storing apermission token associated with the specified task, associated with aprocess control device associated with the specified task, or both. Thepermission token may be required in order for the selected person toperform the specified task on the process control device associated withthe specified task. The permission token may be an entry in a database,a discrete file, or any computer construct implemented for the purposeof creating and/or granting permission for a person to perform an actionon or related to a piece of equipment. Selecting a person to execute thetask may also include selecting a person according to the task specifiedin the work item, a process control device associated with the specifiedtask, or both, and a plurality of personnel profiles accessible by thesupervisor module. In embodiments, selecting a person according to aplurality of personnel profiles includes selecting a person according toa skill set, a role, a certification, and/or a credential. Selecting aperson may also or alternatively include storing the work item in adatabase from which personnel select a work item to execute, and/orreceiving from a device associated with a person a request to executethe work item and comparing a profile associated with the person toinformation stored in the work item to determine whether the person isqualified to execute the work item.

Receiving data from the expert system may include receiving aninstruction to perform an action such as observing and recording aparameter, inspecting a process control device, calibrating a processcontrol device, recording an audio sample, capturing an image or avideo, performing maintenance on a process control device, repairing aprocess control device, replacing a process control device, and/oradjusting a process control parameter. Creating a work item may includespecifying tools or equipment necessary to perform the specified task, apriority level for the work item, a required skill set necessary toperform the specified task, a required start time and/or date, and/or arequired completion time and/or date. The method 500 may also includescheduling the execution of the work item according to a scheduled routethrough the process plant associated with the selected person, ascheduled delivery of input materials for a process executed by theprocess plant, a scheduled delivery of a product produced by the processplant, predicted weather conditions, a scheduled shipping time of aproduct produced by the process plant, a predicted or scheduledcompletion time of a process of the process plant, and/or a predicted orscheduled arrival of tools, equipment, or parts necessary to completethe specified task.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the supervisor engine 106 may also store (orotherwise have access to) documentation such as equipment manuals,maintenance manuals, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) 316. Thedocumentation may be provided automatically to mobile operators via theUI devices 112 as the mobile operators perform tasks in the processplant or tasks associated with particular work items. In embodiments,documents are provided to mobile operators at appropriate (i.e., useful)times during the performance of a target function associated with a workitem. For example, personnel performing a wiring checkout functionassociated with a work item may be presented with a SOP for performingthe wiring checkout. As another example, personnel performing routinemaintenance (e.g., lubrication, cleaning, etc.) on a valve may bepresented with SOPs for each procedure and/or with a manual for thetarget valve. In some embodiments, relevant portions of documentationare provided to personnel at each step in the process of performing thetarget function. That is, a maintenance technician my first be presented(via the mobile UI device 112) with a SOP for locking out a valve andtaking the valve out of service. Then the maintenance technician may bepresented with pages from the operational manual for the valve thatrelate to performing cleaning and/or lubrication of the valve. Later,the maintenance technician may be presented with a SOP for returning thevalve to operational service and removing the lockout of the device. Ofcourse, these examples are intended as non-limiting, as there aremultitudes of situations where SOPs and manuals could be presented topersonnel during performance of duties.

As a mobile operator or technician performs the target tasks associatedwith a work item, the supervisor engine 106 and, specifically, a workitem tracking module 318 may track the progress of the tasks associatedwith the work item. In some embodiments, the supervisor engine 106cooperates with the mobile UI device 112 to guide the mobile operatorthrough each step of the process or processes required to perform thework item. The guidance may include lockout procedures, shut-downprocedures, device disassembly, device repair, maintenance steps such ascalibration, lubrication, and the like, check-out and verificationprocedures, device re-assembly, start-up procedures, unlock procedures,and any other steps of the process. The work item tracking module 318may communicate with the mobile UI device 112 and, for example, receiveindications as the mobile operator requests each subsequent instruction,step, or guide. As the work item tracking module 318 receives theindication that each subsequent instruction, step, or guide, isrequested, the work item tracking module 318 may assume that theprevious step is complete, thereby tracking the progress of theexecution of the work item. In embodiments, the work item trackingmodule 318 may be operative to communicate with the target equipment(i.e., the equipment that is the subject of the work item), or equipmentproximate or communicatively coupled to the target equipment, to verifythat one or more of the steps is complete. In still another embodiment,two mobile operators may be engaged in a collaborative session, and asone mobile operator completes each step of the work item presented tothe technician via the mobile UI device 112, the second technician maymark each step complete on another UI device 112, sending to the workitem tracking module 318 an indication that each step is complete. Thatis, two users collaborating using respective UI devices 112 need not beviewing the same display of the information, and need not be viewing thesame information at all. As another example, the first user may beviewing on a first UI device 112 the standard operating procedures forperforming a work item, while the other user is viewing live datarelated to a piece of equipment associated with work item on a second UIdevice 112. Upon completion of the work item, the supervisor module 106and, in embodiments, the work item tracking module 318, may mark theitem complete, remove it from a list of active work items, remove orexpire any permissions associated with the work item, assign anotherwork item, notify personnel that the work item is complete, notifypersonnel that a dependent work item can be started (i.e., a work itemdependent on the prior work item to be complete before it can bestarted), and the like.

Turning to FIG. 6, a flow chart depicts a method 600 for managing a workflow in a process plant. The method 600 includes creating a work itemspecifying a task to be performed in the process plant (block 605),determining from the specified task a set of procedures for execution ofthe work item (block 610), generating for each of the procedures in theset of procedures an associated display (block 615), and displaying on amobile user interface device the set of associated displays sequentiallyin an order in which the set of procedures are to be performed (block620). Creating a work item may include receiving data from an expertsystem and/or specifying a task according to data received from theexpert system. Receiving data from the expert system may includereceiving an instruction to perform a particular action with respect toa process control device. Creating the work item may also oralternatively include specifying a maintenance task, a calibration task,a replacement task, an inspection task, and/or a repair task. Creatingthe work item may also include specifying a task that requires a safetylockout procedure, a shut-down procedure, and/or a start-up procedure,etc. Generating an associated display may include generating a displaypresenting a set of steps for performing the procedure, generating adisplay including one or more images depicting the performance of theprocedure, generating a display including an image of a target piece ofequipment in the context of its surroundings to assist a person inlocating the target piece of equipment, generating a display including aparameter entry field for recording a parameter associated with a targetpiece of equipment, and/or generating a display including a set ofstandard operating procedures. The method may also include depicting ona display of the mobile user interface device the location of a targetpiece of equipment in the context of the process plant, which mayinclude providing a user interface control that causes the display tozoom in on the target piece of equipment and/or providing a set of userinterface controls to allow a user of the mobile user interface deviceto navigate between the set of associated displays. In some embodiments,a procedure context pane may be displayed indicating which procedure ofthe set of procedures associated with the specified task is currentlybeing executed. The method may also include providing access todocumentation related to a target piece of equipment associated with thespecified task. Further, the method may include determining a set oftools and equipment necessary to perform the set of procedures,generating a checklist display including the list of determined set oftools and equipment and displaying the checklist Creating w work itemmay include specifying a manual data collection task. Determining a setof procedures may include determining a route to collect the manualdata.

The supervisor engine 106 may also store data associated with theexecution of the work item. In particular, the supervisor engine 106 maystore data captured by the mobile UI device(s) 112 associated withexecution of the work item, may store data pertaining to the effects ofthe execution of the work item on the operation of the process plant(e.g., variations in the performance of the process plant caused by orcorrelated with the execution of the work item), and the like. Inembodiments, the mobile UI devices 112 may capture video, audio, orvibration data as part of a diagnostic procedure or a repair ormaintenance procedure, and the mobile UI devices 112 may transmit thecaptured data back to the supervisor engine 106, which may store thedata as associated with the particular work item and, alternatively oradditionally, may store the data in the big data appliance 102.

Checklists

Referring again to FIG. 3, the supervisor engine 106 may perform othertasks related to supervising mobile personnel. As just one example, thesupervisor engine 106 may include a checklist generation routine 314.The checklist generation routine 314 may generate checklists for mobilepersonnel corresponding to a work item assigned to the mobile personnel.Checklists generated by the routine 314 may include, for example, safetyequipment (e.g., respirators, harnesses, carabiners, radiation detectiondevices/dosimeters, etc.) needed for an area or procedure, toolsnecessary to perform a procedure, parts needed to perform the procedure(e.g., replacement parts or maintenance parts such as seals, lubricants,etc.), and the like. The checklist generation routine 314 may generatethe check list and store the check list as associated with the workitem, in some embodiments. Alternatively, the checklist generationroutine 314 may generate and display the checklist in real time. Ineither event, it is contemplated that the mobile personnel will bepresented with the checklist shortly before the work item is executed.For example, the checklist may be automatically presented to a mobileoperator when the mobile operator indicates that he or she is preparingto execute the work item. In other embodiments, the checklist may bemanually requested by the mobile operator as the operator is preparingto execute the work item. In some embodiments, the supervisor engine 106determines that the operator is preparing to execute the work item andpresents the checklist to the mobile operator automatically. Forexample, the supervisor engine 106 may receive an indication that themobile operator has transferred the state of a workstation UI device 112to a mobile UI device 112 at the time that the work item is scheduled tobe performed. Upon detecting the transfer of state, the supervisorengine 106 may present the checklist, prompting the mobile operator toacknowledge that he or she has the appropriate equipment and resourcesto perform the work item. Alternatively, the mobile UI device 112 mayautomatically retrieve (e.g., from the supervisor engine 106) thechecklist when the mobile operator opens a work item, preferably beforeentering the process plant environment. In still another embodiment, themobile UI device 112 may detect that it has entered a supply room or apreparation room, and may automatically present the checklist to themobile operator so that the mobile operator may collect the requiredtools, equipment, and supplies.

Turning now to FIG. 7, a flow chart depicts a method 700 forfacilitating task completion in a process plant. The method includesreceiving a selection of a work item from a plurality of work itemsstored in a database of work items (block 705), and determining from theselected work item one or more items required for the execution of thework item (block 710). A checklist is generated of the one or more itemsfor display to a person executing the work item (block 715), and thechecklist is displayed to the person executing the work item (block720). In an embodiment, determining from the selected work item one ormore work items includes reading one or more fields of the work item,which may include reading a required equipment field, reading a requiredsafety equipment field, reading a required tool field, and/or reading afield indicating a location of a target piece of equipment within theprocess plant. Reading one or more fields may include reading a fieldspecifying a target task to be completed. Reading a field may includereading a field specifying a target task to be completed and a targetequipment or a target equipment type. Further, determining one or moreitems required for execution of the work item may include determiningthe task to be completed, the equipment on which the task to becompleted will be performed, or both. Generating a checklist of one ormore items for display to a person executing the work item may includegenerating a check list that includes any one or combination of a pieceof safety equipment, a tool, a process control device, a part for aprocess control device, a maintenance material, etc. Generating thecheck list may include retrieving information from one or more of anequipment manual associated with a process control device associatedwith the work item, an equipment manual associated with a tool requiredto execute the work item, a safety document, a standard operatingprocedure, and/or a document associated with a location of a processcontrol device associated with the work item. Generating the check listmay also, in embodiments, include determining the location(s) associatedwith the work item or through which the assigned personnel will have topass to reach the location associated with the work item, and retrievingspecial safety equipment and/or tools necessary to access or passthrough the location(s). Displaying the checklist to a person executingthe work item may include receiving an indication that a user assignedto execute the work item has activated a mobile user interface deviceand displaying the checklist to the user on the activated mobile userinterface device. Receiving a selection of a work item may includereceiving the section on a first user interface device and displayingthe checklist to the person executing the work item may includereceiving an indication that a state of the first user interface devicehas been transferred to a second user interface device and displayingthe checklist on the second user interface device. The method 700 mayalso include receiving, for each of the one or more items on thechecklist, an indication that a person viewing the displayed checklisthas the item.

UI Devices

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a UI device 803 in the context of a mobilecontrol room 800. The mobile control room 800 may enable the UI device803 to transmit a state of operation to another system or device and/orreceive a UI state of operation from another system or device. Themobile control room 800 also includes a UI device 803 a, the server 150,and a UI device 803 b. Each of the UI devices 803, 803 a, 803 b may beany one of a variety of UI device types, as described below withreference to FIG. 9B. The server 150 may include a web service or webroutine 152, which may be stored at a memory at the server 150 andexecuted by a processor at the server 150. Each of the UI devices 803 aand 803 b (as well as any other UI devices 803) includes a processor810, a memory 815, a display 820, a network interface 825, an inputinterface 830, a system bus 835, and one or more transceivers 850. TheUI devices 803 a, 803 b may also include one or more positioning devicesincluding, for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) (or any othersatellite navigation system) receiver 832, an inertial positioningsystem chip 834, discrete positioning components such as a compass 836,gyroscopes 838, accelerometers 840, etc. The memory 815 may include anoperating system 880, a user interface (“UI”) routine 882, a contextawareness routine 884, a state determination routine 886, a browserroutine 888, an image capture routine 890, and a sound capture routine892, local process control data storage 894, UI state information 896,and other data. In some embodiments, one or more of the operating system880, UI routine 882, context awareness routine 884, and/or statedetermination routine 886 may reside at a memory external to the UIdevice 803 and may be executed by a processor external to the UI device803 (e.g., at a device or system such as the server 150). It should beunderstood that the mobile control room 800 described here is merely oneexample. Other configurations are contemplated. For example, the mobilecontrol room 800 need not include multiple UI devices and, indeed, neednot include any particular number of UI devices.

In certain embodiments of the memory 815 of the UI device 803, thememory 815 may include volatile and/or non-volatile memory and may beremovable or non-removable memory. For example, the memory 815 mayinclude computer storage media in the form of random access memory(RAM), read only memory (ROM), EEPROM, FLASH memory or other memorytechnology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical diskstorage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage orother magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used tostore the desired information. The processor 810 is configured to fetchand execute instructions stored in the memory 815. The memory 815 maystore data such as operating system data or program data.

The network interface 825 may include or be coupled to one or moreantennas for wireless communication, one or more ports for wiredconnection, or both. In some embodiments, the network interface may becoupled to the GPS receiver 832, allowing the network interface 825 toreceive location or coordinate data. The network interface 825 may alsoor alternatively include a Bluetooth transceiver, allowing the networkinterface 825 to establish a personal area network with an externaldevice or system. Additionally or alternatively, the network interfacemay include a near field communication (“NFC”) transceiver, a radiofrequency identification (“RFID”) transceiver, and/or a local areanetwork transceiver (enabling the network interface 825 to communicateusing the IEEE 802.11 protocol, for example).

The network interface 825 may communicate with the server 150 and/or oneof the UI devices 803 via a network such as the process control network100 shown in FIG. 1A. Users may interact with the UI device 803 via theinput interface 830. The input interface 830 may accept input viamechanical actuation (e.g., a keyboard or mouse). The input interface830 may alternatively or additionally accept input via detection ofelectromagnetic fields, signals, or properties (e.g., a resistive orcapacitive touchscreen). Furthermore, the input interface 830 may acceptinput via detection of sound, light, or motion (e.g., voice inputs via amicrophone 842, an image sensor or camera 844, etc.). Still further, theinput interface 830 may accept input from a Bluetooth device coupled tothe network interface 825. The display 820 may provide output in theform of images or video, and may utilize any type of monitor, projector,or display technology including CRT, LCD, plasma, LED, and OLEDtechnology.

In some embodiments, one or more input sources, such as the microphone842, the image sensor or camera 844, or other sensors (e.g., Oxygensensors, toxic gas sensors, motion sensors, vibration sensors, RFIDsensors) may be located outside of the UI device 803 and coupled to theUI device 803 via wired communication channels (e.g., via a headphoneport or a USB port) or wireless communication channels (e.g., wirelessUSB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or proprietary protocols). For example, a usercarrying the UI device 803 may also carry one or more of the inputsources on a utility belt, on a case in which the UI device 803 iscarried, etc.

Each of the routines 880-896 may be one or more instructions, routines,modules, processes, services, programs, and/or applications, and may bestored on a computer readable medium, such as on the memory 815. Theoperating system 880 may support the basic functions and manage theresources of the UI device 803. In particular, the operating system 880may manage the hardware and software of the UI device 803. The UIroutine 882 may, when executed by the processor, cause the display 820to display information to a user, and may cause the input interface 830to receive input from the user or from other external stimuli. Thecontext awareness routine 884 may cause the display 820 to displayinformation in response to context information received at the networkinterface 825, at the input interface 830, or at one or more sensors.The context awareness routine 884 may additionally, or alternatively,cause the UI device 803 to identify a context (such as a location, time,or schedule) and/or receive the context from system or device externalto the UI device 803.

The state determination routine 886 may collect information about theoperation of the UI device 803. For example, the state determinationroutine 886 may collect UI state information 896 by monitoring theprocesses executed by the processor 810 and the data associated with theprocesses. The state determination routine 886 may identify theinformation depicted at the display 820, and may identify processentities associated with the depicted information. In some embodiments,the state determination routine 886 may transmit the collected UI stateroutine to an external node, such as the server 150 or the UI device 803b. In embodiments where the UI device 803 implements a thin client or aweb client, the state determination routine 886 may be stored at amemory on the server 150, where it may be executed by a processor at theserver 150.

The browser routine 888 may be an application for accessing, presenting,and navigating one or more information resources. An informationresource may be a web page, image, video, document, or any othercontent. The browser routine 888 may interact with information resourceslocated on the UI device 803 or with information resources external tothe UI device 803. For example, the UI device 803 may access informationresources at other systems or devices (such as the server 150 or the UIdevice 803 b) via the world wide web or via a network such as theprocess control network 100. In some embodiments, the browser routine888 may access information associated with and/or generated by a UIroutine executed at the server 150. In particular, the browser routine888 may access the web service 152 at the server 150, where the webservice 152 may correspond to the UI routine executed at the server 150.For example, the browser routine 888 may receive an address oridentifier, such as a uniform resource identifier or uniform resourcelocator (from a user via the input interface 830, for example). Theaddress or identifier may direct the browser routine 888 to the webservice 152. The browser routine 888 may receive UI data, such asdisplay data or process parameter data, from the UI routine 882 via theweb service 152, allowing the browser routine 888 to depict graphics forcontrolling and/or monitoring some or all of the process. The browserroutine 888 may also receive user input (such as a mouse click on agraphic) and transmit data representing the user input to the UI routine882 via the web service 152. In alternative embodiments, the browserroutine 888 may be a plug-in or web client application.

While the various routines 880-896 are described as stored in the memory815, the UI device 803 may also be operable to request, retrieve,receive and/or download, via the network interface 825, additionalroutines (e.g., applications, applets, updates, patches, etc.) asneeded. As but one of many conceivable examples, the UI device 112 mayrequest and receive information for facilitating direct (or indirect)communication between the UI device 112 and a process control device inthe process plant. In any event, it should be understood that the UIdevice 112 is not limited to those applications, routines, and modulesthat reside in the memory 815 and that are described herein.

The image capture routine 890 may operate to capture an image via theimage sensor or camera 844. In some embodiments, the image may betransmitted to a node on the network 100 via the network interface 825,where the node may analyze the image to identify process data. Forexample, in one embodiment the image capture routine 890 may cause theimage sensor 844 to capture an image of a flame. The image captureroutine 890 may transmit the image of the flame to a node (e.g., theserver 150, the expert system 104, etc.) via the network 100, where thenode may analyze the image to identify the color and correspondingtemperature of the flame. Similarly, the sound capture routine 892 maybe one or more instructions or routines for capturing sound via themicrophone 842. The captured sound data may be transmitted to a node onthe network 100 for analysis.

With regard to capturing sound, the microphone 842 may capture audioassociated with a plant asset. The captured audio may be used toidentify the plant asset or diagnose the plant asset. For example, apump may have an expected sound signature. In such an example, the UIdevice 803 may capture audio generated during operation of a plant assetand may transmit the audio via the network 100 to a node (e.g., theserver 150, the expert system 104, etc.) to identify the asset-type, forexample, as a pump. In some circumstances the node may even identify tothe UI device 803 the specific pump in question. The UI device 803 mayalso include a motion sensor (e.g., the accelerometers 840) used todetect vibration. For example, a plant asset may have an expected levelof vibration during operation. A user may place the UI device 803 on ornear the plant asset. The UI device 803 may use data detected by themotion sensor to identify a current level of vibration associated withthe asset. If the current level of vibration exceeds the expected levelof vibration, the user may utilize the UI device 803 to further diagnosethe plant asset or request a work order for the asset. In someinstances, a diagnostic routine may automatically launch when the UIdevice 803 is placed on or near the asset to detect vibration associatedwith the asset.

In some embodiments, the UI device 803 may include a peripheralinterface (not shown) for establishing connection with other devices.The peripheral interface may be a serial interface such as a UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface. In other embodiments the peripheralinterface may be a wireless interface for establishing wirelessconnection with another device, similar to some of the embodiments ofthe network interface. For example, in some embodiments the peripheralinterface may be a short range wireless interface compliant withstandards such as Bluetooth (operating in the 2400-2480 MHz frequencyband) or Near Field Communication (operating in the 13.56 MHz frequencyband). The peripheral interface may be used for transferring stateinformation to or receiving state information from an external device asdescribed below. The peripheral interface may also be used in certainembodiments for interacting with external devices that may provide theUI device 803 with context awareness. For example, a context ID devicemay be detected via the peripheral interface, as also described below.In some embodiments, a user may save state information or processinformation available at the UI device 803 to an external device via theperipheral interface.

In general operation of the UI device 803, the processor 810 may accessthe memory 815 to execute the UI routine 882. When the processor 810executes the UI routine 882, the processor 810 causes output to beprovided at the display 820, wherein the output represents informationpertaining to entities (e.g., devices, equipment, network nodes, processdata, control data, etc) in the process plant 10. The output may bebased on data stored in the memory 815 (e.g., graphics data, historiandata or any previously received and stored data) or data received viathe network interface 825 (e.g., data received from the controller 11 orthe database 151). Furthermore, when input is received at the inputinterface 830, the input interface 830 may generate input data. Theinput data may be transferred to the processor 810 over the system bus835, where the processor 810 may execute one or more instructions orroutines in accordance with the received input. In many instances theinput data may represent a user interaction with the graphical outputprovided at the display 820. For example, the input data may representthe movement of a mouse, where the processor 810 operates to move acursor displayed on the display 820 in accordance with the mousemovement. The input data may also represent a selection of a UI elementdisplayed on the display 820, such as a window (e.g., a browser window),a device graphic (e.g., a tank, pump, valve, meter, etc), or anoperating system element. Furthermore, the input data may represent thecontrol input. For example, the user may use a keyboard, mouse, or touchscreen to enter a setpoint value with regard to a process device. Whenthe input data represent a control input, the processor 810 may transmitthe input data over the system bus 835 to the network interface 825,where the network interface 825 transmits the input data to the processcontrol network 100 where it may be received at another node (such asthe controller 11 or the server 150 shown in FIG. 1A). The processor 810may also cause any other type of input data to be transmitted to theprocess control network 100.

State Awareness, Transfer, and Collaboration

As process control operation, configuration, and maintenance isfacilitated by mobile devices, personnel may be expected to move fromdevice to device and, in any event, may desire the capability to switchfrom device to device without having to re-create (and/or re-navigateto) on a second device the displays they were viewing and/or theprocesses in which they were engaged on the first device. As illustratedin the examples above, an operator may desire to check the status of theprocess plant remotely, from a mobile phone, as she commutes to work, sothat she may be prepared for whatever may be happening when she arriveson-site. When she arrives on-site, she may walk to her office and wishto pick up in the same location on a workstation. Thereafter, she maypick up a tablet computer and move to plant floor to survey areas of theplant or attend to various tasks. Generally, personnel involved in theoperations and maintenance of the process plant may desire that thedevices they use include some level of state awareness and be able totransfer a state between devices to facilitate mobility and/orcollaboration.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, state information isseamlessly transferred from a first UI device to a second UI device,allowing a user to resume on, or transfer to, the second UI device asession from the first UI device without any interruption in work flow.The state transfer may also allow a first user of a first UI device tocollaborate with a second user of a second UI device, so that the twousers may work on tasks or work items in a cooperative manner. Inanother embodiment, a UI device may provide output according to thecontext of the UI device's operation. For example, the UI device mayaccount for the UI device location and equipment location, the type ofUI device, or other considerations when determining what information toprovide or how to provide information at the UI device display. The UIdevice and mobile control room disclosed herein offers the benefit of“untethering” operators and users of UI devices from physical controlrooms. A user of such a UI device may move freely throughout the plantwithout interruption in workflow and without loss of functionality orcapability with regard to monitoring and controlling the process.

FIG. 9A illustrates an aspect of an exemplary mobile control room 900 a.The mobile control room 900 a includes a UI device 912 a, a UI device912 b, and a UI device 912 c, each of which can be used by a user 901and/or a user 902.

The mobile control room 900 a may enable the user 901 to synchronize theUI devices 912 a and 912 b by transferring the state of the UI device912 a to the UI device 912 b. The UI state transfer may cause the UIdevice 912 b to display similar information to the information displayedat the UI device 912 a. The state transfer may also cause the UI device912 b to execute similar routines or applications executing at the UIdevice 912 a. Furthermore, the similar routines or applications on theUI device 912 b may execute at the same state as the routines orapplications executing at the UI device 92 a. By transferring the UIstate of operation from UI device 912 a to UI device 912 b, the user 901may stop using UI device 912 a and start using UI device 912 b withoutany loss in workflow.

Similarly, the control room 900 a may enable a secure collaborationsession to be established between at least two UI devices. In anembodiment, the secure collaboration session may be establishedautomatically when the two devices 912 move into each other's proximityand become mutually aware of one another. Once the session isestablished, synchronization of data between the UI devices during acollaborative work session may be performed. More particularly, the user901 may collaborate with the user 902, where the UI device 912 b maytransfer state information to the UI device 912 c. By transferring stateinformation from UI device 912 b to UI device 912 c, the UI device 912 cmay identify the state of operation of the UI device 912 b. For example,the UI device 912 c may depict the same or similar information beingdisplayed at the UI device 912 b. The UI devices 912 b and 912 c mayalso launch communication routines, allowing the users 901 and 902 toexchange information (such as text, video, and Voice over IP) via the UIdevices 912 b and 912 c. For example, the UI devices 912 b and 912 c mayexchange information pertaining to work items or tasks, allowing theusers 901 and 902 to work on an item or task in a coordinated manner,even if the users 901 and 902 are not viewing the same displays on therespective UI devices 912 b and 912 c. In one example, the users may beable to checkout a device via the UI devices, so that other user knowsthe device is being addressed.

In some embodiments, the UI devices 912 a-912 c may transfer stateinformation directly between each other. The UI devices 912 a-912 c mayuse short-range wireless technology such as near field communication(ISO/IEC 14443 and 1809 standards) to detect proximity and then may useWiFi (IEEE 802.11 standards) or Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1 standards) totransfer state information. In other embodiments, the UI devices 912a-912 c may transfer state information via a node, such as the server150 shown in FIG. 1A, via the network backbone 105. In certainembodiments, the UI devices 912 a-912 c may be thin clients, where theUI devices 912 a-912 c may render graphics but the bulk of theprocessing for the UI devices 912 a-912 c occurs at a node (such as theserver 150 shown in FIG. 1A) on the process control network 100. In suchembodiments, transferring states between UI devices 912 a-912 c mayinclude transferring state information between UIs executing at thenode.

FIG. 9B illustrates UI devices 112 in an exemplary mobile control room900 c. The mobile control room 900 c may enable the transferring of astate of operation to or from any of UI devices 112 a-112 k, enabling UIdevice synchronization and user collaboration. The mobile control room900 c includes the server 150, the process control network 100, the user901, and the UI devices 112 a-112 k. The server 150 may include adatabase 151, which may include display data, parameter data, historiandata, context data, UI state information data, or any other processplant data. The database 151 may be stored at a memory on the server150, separately from the server 150, or among several devices in theprocess plant. Each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k may be any type ofprocess control UI device 112 that provides information about, andaccepts user input with respect to, a process or elements associatedwith a process. Each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k may execute acorresponding UI. In alternative embodiments, the UI may execute, inwhole or in part, at the server 150 and be provided to UI devices 112a-112 k, e.g., via a web page. Each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k maycommunicate with the server 150 via the backbone 105 of the processcontrol network 100. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9B, the user 901may interact with the UI device 112 a through a display 920 and an inputinterface 930 (though the user 901 may interact with any of the UIdevices 112 a-112 k). In this embodiment, the UI device 112 a is astationary workstation, wherein the input interface 930 is a keyboardand display 920 is a monitor; the UI device 112 b is a mobile device(such as a phone or PDA); the UI device 112 c is a tablet capable ofreceiving touch input from a user's hand or a stylus; the UI device 112d is a wearable device (a watch with a touch screen in this instance);the UI device 112 e is a laptop computer; the UI device 112 f is awearable device (a headset with a heads-up display in this instance);the UI device 112 g is a television, which may have an associated inputinterface (not shown) such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch-screen (suchas a capacitive touch screen), a motion sensor, or any other type ofdevice capable of accepting user input; the UI device 112 h is a displayand user input device (e.g., a touch screen) located in a process plantenvironment (e.g., wall-mounted, mounted on or near a process entity,etc.); and the UI device 112 j is a mobile device (e.g., a smart phone)with a built-in projector operable to project a UI onto a surface 112 k(e.g., a wall within the process plant). The UI projected onto thesurface 112 k may include a user input method (e.g., user motiontracking via the UI device 112 j or an external device (not shown)). Ofcourse, any combination of the UI devices 112 a-112 k may be employed invarious embodiments. Furthermore, the mobile control room 900 c mayinclude additional UI devices similar to any of the UI devices 112 a-112k. While specific types of input are described as associated with eachof the devices 112 a-112 k, it is noted that any of the devices 112 mayaccept input from a variety of input sources, in various embodiments,according at least to the type of use for the UI device 112. As just oneexample, it is contemplated that UI devices 112 may accept devices fromstyli or may be touch-sensitive devices that are not capacitive innature (e.g., resistive, surface acoustic wave, or any other type oftouch screen technology), to facilitate input from a user that is, forexample, wearing protective gloves. Voice inputs may also be used in anyof the UI devices 112, particularly in environments where external noiseis not a factor.

In the mobile control room 900 c, each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k mayenable the user 901 to monitor and/or control a process or elementsassociated with a process via the process control network 100. In anembodiment, each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k may implement web clientsor thin clients. In such an embodiment, the server 150 may execute theUI and any other routines used for operation of one or more of the UIdevices 112 a-112 k. The UI devices 112 a-112 k may pass user input datato the server 150, where the server 150 may respond to the user input.The server 150 may transmit display data to the UI devices 112 a-112 k.Because the server 150 may handle the bulk of the processing foroperation of the UI devices 112 a-112 k in this embodiment, the server150 may track the state of operation for each UI device 112 a-112 k bymonitoring the execution of routines at the server 150 and monitoringthe data being received from and transmitted to each of the UI devices112 a-112 k.

In other embodiments, the UI devices 112 a-112 k operate solely as dataclients. For example, in embodiments each UI device 112 includes a webbrowser and a routine for automatically generating dynamic HTML (orother code) for the display of information on the UI device 112. Theroutine and/or the dynamic web page generated by the routine retrievedata from the server 150 and display the retrieved data (and other datasuch as user-input data) on the display. The routine and/or the dynamicweb page may also accept user input and send data back to the server150. In such embodiments, much of the processing occurs on the UI device112, while only data are transferred via the network to and from theserver 150.

In another embodiment, instructions (e.g., JavaScript instructions)resident on the UI device 112 dynamically generate code (e.g., HTML5code) that is rendered in an appropriate viewing application (e.g., anHTML5 viewer or a web browser). For example, the JavaScript code mayopen a WebSocket connection, used by a WebSocket Application MessagingProtocol to send messages between the JavaScript executing on the UIdevice 112 and the server 150.

The server 150 may save UI state information (e.g., to the database 151)periodically or in response to a triggering event. The UI stateinformation may represent the state of the UI device at the time ofcapture. The UI state information may include information relating tothe user or operator interacting with the UI device; the applications,programs, routines, or modules executing with respect to the UI device;the graphics or sound being presented at the UI device; the portion(s)of the plant about which data displayed pertain; or any otherinformation relating to operation of the UI device. When the server 150receives a request for a state transfer, the server 150 may accesslocally saved UI state information at the database 151 and may transmitthe UI state information to the appropriate UI executing at the server150. The UI may transmit corresponding display data to the appropriateUI device. For example, the UI device 112 b may request stateinformation from UI device 112 a (where the user 901 may wish to switchUI devices from 112 a to 112 b without disrupting workflow, forexample). In some embodiments, the UI device 112 a and 112 b may eachhave a UI executing at the server 150. The server 150 may access locallystored UI state information at the database 151 and may pass the UIstate information to the UI for the UI device 112 b. The UI for the UIdevice 112 b may determine what should be displayed at the UI device 112b based on the saved UI state information, and transfer display data tothe UI device 112 b.

In some embodiments, each of the UI devices 112 a-112 k may capture andstore UI state information at the database 151 when a user interactswith the respective UI device. The UI device may transmit the UI stateinformation to the server 150 over the network 100. The server 150 maytransmit the UI state information to any of the UI devices 112 a-112 kso that, for example, upon receiving a request from a particular one ofthe UI devices 112 a-112 k, the particular UI device may operate in amanner consistent with the received UI state information.

As an example, the user 901 may begin using the UI device 112 a (thoughthe following example may be carried out with any of the UI devices 112b-112 k as well). As the user 901 interacts with the UI device 112 a,the UI device 112 a may periodically capture and save UI stateinformation. The UI state information may relate to the user 901,representing a user ID or user title/role, for example. The UI stateinformation may also relate to the user's session, including informationabout the programs or routines running on the UI device 112 a, the timeof capture, the session length, the configuration of the graphicsdisplayed at the display 920 of the UI device 112 a, the entities (i.e.,the process areas, devices, equipment or data) being monitored orcontrolled at the UI device 112 a, and/or the type of UI device beingused (a stationary workstation, in this case). After capturing andsaving the UI state information, the UI device 112 a may transmit the UIstate information to the server 150 over the process control network 100so that the server 150 may store the UI state information at thedatabase 151.

The user 901 may decide to use a mobile UI device, such as any of the UIdevices 112 b-112 f or 112 i-112 k. In an embodiment, the user 901 mayutilize the UI device 112 b, where the UI device 112 b may recognize theuser 901. The UI device 112 b may communicate with the server 150 toretrieve the most recent UI state information associated with the user901 (i.e., the UI state information most recently captured at the UIdevice 112 a in this case). In some embodiments, the communication maytrigger in the UI device 112 a an additional capture of stateinformation related to the UI device 112 a. The UI device 112 b maygenerate a GUI configuration based on the received UI state informationso that the display of the UI device 112 b corresponds, at least inpart, to the display of the UI device 112 a at the time of the mostrecent state information capture. Put another way, the mobile controlroom 900 c operates to cause a state transfer, or state synchronization,between UI device 112 a and UI device 112 b (for an example of what thedisplays may look like in a UI synchronization or state transfer, seeFIG. 10). As a result of the state transfer, the user 901 experiencesminimal interruption in workflow.

In some embodiments, the capture of UI state information may occurautomatically. For example, the UI device 112 a may capture stateinformation on a predetermined, periodic basis (e.g., capturing stateinformation every 5, 10, or 30 minutes). The UI device 112 a may alsocapture state information in reaction to a triggering event or activity.The triggering event may be related to user input (e.g., capturing stateinformation any time user input is received, or on a schedule correlatedto receiving user input) or the information provided at the UI device112 a (e.g., capturing state information any time there is an alarm, orany time a particular measurement or value reaches a specifiedthreshold). Alternatively, or additionally, the UI device 112 a maycapture UI state information manually, in response to user inputrepresenting a command to capture or to transfer the UI stateinformation. For example, the display 920 may provide a graphic that theuser 901 may interact with that causes a capture to occur. The inputinterface 930 may also have a mechanism (such as a button, key, ortrackpad) allowing the user 901 to initiate a capture. In certaininstances, a request by another UI device (such as one of the UI devices112 b-k) may also trigger capture at the UI device 112 a. As anotherexample, the UI devices 112 a-112 k may capture and transfer stateinformation when two UI devices are touched (or brought within closeproximity—e.g., within a 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, etc.—to each other (e.g., vianear-field communication).

In further embodiments, the UI device 112 b may recognize the user 901automatically. For example, the user 901 may have a unique tag (in abadge or card with an RFID chip, for example) identifying the user 901.In other embodiments the tag may be any tag or device capable ofproviding identification information, such as a NFC device, a barcode, aBluetooth device, or any other wireless access point. The UI device 112b may have a tag scanner or reader (such as an RFID scanner) thatdetects the unique tag. The UI device 112 b may access a database toidentify the user associated with the unique tag, allowing the UI device112 b to recognize the user 901. The database may be at the UI device112 b, but in other embodiments the database 151 at the server 150correlate tags to users, and the UI device 112 may communicate with theserver 150 to identify the user 901. In other embodiments, each UIdevice may be assigned to a specific user so that only a single userinteracts with the UI device. In such an embodiment, the UI device 112 bmay be assigned to the user 901 so that the UI device 112 b may assumethat any user interacting with the UI device 112 b is the user 901.Alternatively, the UI device 112 b may force the user 201 to enter auser ID and password in order to log on to the UI device 112 b, allowingthe UI device 112 b to recognize the user 901.

In alternative embodiments, the user 901 may use another UI device, suchas any of the UI devices 112 c-112 k, instead of the UI device 112 b,causing a state transfer or state synchronization from the UI device 112a to one of the UI devices 112 c-112 k. For example, the user 901 maysynchronize a tablet such as the UI device 112 c to the most recentlycaptured state information at the UI device 112 a. In other instances,the user 901 may synchronize a watch such as the UI device 112 d, alaptop such as the UI device 112 e, a headset such as the UI device 112f, or a television such as the UI device 112 g to the most recentlycaptured state information at the UI device 112 a.

Furthermore, the UI device 112 a state information may be transferred tothe UI device 112 a, allowing the user 901 to save a session on the UIdevice 112 a and resume the session on the same UI device 112 a at somelater time. The UI device 112 a may return to a previous UI state byaccessing the state information saved to the UI device 112 a or to theserver 150. This contrasts with some prior art systems, where resuming asession at a later time, even on the same device, may be difficult dueto multiple users interacting with the same console.

In further alternative embodiments, the user 901 may use any of the UIdevices 112 b-112 k instead of the UI device 112 a. The respective UIdevice being utilized by the user 901 may capture state informationabout the respective UI device. The captured state information may bepassed to the server 150, where the state information may be stored atthe database 151 and accessed by the same or another UI device.

In some instances, the server 150 may be a UI device similar to any ofthe UI devices 112 a-112 k (i.e., the server 150 may include a displayand input interface, and may be used as a UI device). In such ascenario, the state information saved at the server 150 may be accessedto provide UI information at the server 150 so that a user may utilizethe server 150 as a UI device. Similarly, in some embodiments any of theUI devices 112 a-112 k may operate as a server 150 similar to server150.

In another embodiment, the UI devices 112 a-112 k may transfer stateinformation to each other through the network 100 or through some othernetwork or communication, such as a personal area network (e.g., aBluetooth network) or near field communication. In some embodiments, thereceiving UI device may initiate the transfer of UI state information,while in other embodiments the transferring UI device initiates saidtransfer. In yet another embodiment, the state transfer may occur bysaving the UI state information to a memory (such as a the memory on aUSB thumb drive) and accessing the memory to retrieve the UI stateinformation at a second UI device.

In certain embodiments, state transfers may be automatic and transparentto users of any of the UI devices 112 a-112 k. For example, a statetransfer may initiate automatically when a UI device is brought withinproximity of another UI device. The UI devices may include circuitry,such as NFC circuitry, allowing the UI devices to detect one another.Proximity may also be detected by location data, received at a GPSreceiver, for example, that may be included on one or more of the UIdevices. The UI devices may transmit location data to the server 150,where the server 150 may use the location data to determine proximityand initiate a state transfer. In some embodiments, one or more of theUI devices may display an indicator graphic that indicates therespective UI device is receiving or transmitting state information. Theindicator graphic may also indicate that a UI device is collaboratingwith another UI device.

FIG. 10 illustrates example device displays associated with UIsynchronization between UI devices 803 a and 803 b, such as may occurduring or after state transfer, for example. In FIG. 10, the UI device803 a may be a stationary workstation and the UI device 803 b may be amobile device (such as a tablet). The UI device 803 a includes a display820 a and an input interface 830 a. The display 820 a may provide a GUIconfiguration 1010 a that includes a tank graphic 1015 a, a levelindicator graphic 1016 a, a pump graphic 1020 a, valve graphic 1025 a, avalve graphic 1030 a, a graph 1035 a, a graph 1040 a, and a graph 1045a. The UI device 803 b includes a display 820 b and an input interface830 b. The display 820 b provides a GUI configuration 1010 b thatincludes a tank graphic 1015 b, a level indicator graphic 1016 b, a pumpgraphic 1020 b, a valve graphic 1030 b, and a graph 1040 b.

The UI device 803 a may capture UI state information 896 and transmitthe UI state information 896 to the server 150 or another UI device suchas UI device 803 b. When capturing UI state information 896, the UIdevice 803 a may determine which entities are related to the outputprovided at the display 820 a. For example, the UI device 803 a mayidentify the entities associated with graphics 1016 a-1045 a (a tank, apump, two valves, and the devices associated with the graphs 1035 a-1045a) and save the entities as state information 896. In addition toidentifying the aforementioned entities, the UI device 803 a may alsoidentify coordinate locations associated with the graphics provided atthe display 820 a. As a result, the UI state information 896 may reflectthat the tank graphic is located in the middle of the screen, forexample. The UI device 803 a may also identify the location of variouswindows or boxes associated with any executing applications. Moreover,the UI device 803 a may identify the programs or routines executing atthe UI device 803 a and may save information indicating each programstate. For example, a browser may be executing and the UI device 803 amay identify a resource (e.g., a web page, image, video, or some othercontent) being accessed or used by the browser.

The UI device 803 b may receive the UI state information 896 from the UIdevice 803 a (or from the server 150 in other embodiments). The UIdevice 803 b provides output based on the received UI state information896. In particular, the UI device 803 b may display visualrepresentations or graphics at the UI display 830 b based on thereceived UI state information 896. Because the UI device 803 b may be adifferent type of device with a different size display than the UIdevice 112 a, the UI device 112 b may provides a different GUIconfiguration than what was provided at the UI device 112 a. Inparticular, the UI device 112 b may identify the highest priorityentities and programs from the UI state information 96 and may generatethe GUI configuration 1010 b accordingly. In particular, the UI device803 b may identify the entities associated with graphics 1015 b, 1016 b,1020 b, 1030 b, and 1040 b as high priority. Due to limited screenspace, the UI device 803 b may not generate graphics correlating to thegraphics 1025 a, 1035 a, or 1045 a depicted at the display 820 a of UIdevice 803 a. The UI device 803 b may also generate graphics atlocations in the GUI configuration 1010 b that correlate to the relativelocations of the corresponding graphics in the GUI configuration 1010 a.

In addition, due to having a different type of input interface (i.e.,screen-touch based instead of keyboard based), the UI device 803 b maygenerate graphics of a different size and shape than the graphicsgenerated at the UI device 803 a. For example, the UI device 803 b maygenerate larger graphics that are easier to interact with via touch.

In some embodiments the GUI configuration 1010 b of the UI device 803 bmay be identical to the GUI configuration 1010 a of the UI device 803 a,particularly in embodiments where the UI device 803 a and the UI device803 b are the same type of device. In yet other embodiments, the GUIconfiguration 1010 b may have very little correlation to the GUIconfiguration 1010 a. In some instances, for example, the outputprovided at the display 830 b of the UI device 803 b may be partially orentirely text based. Even in such embodiments, the UI device 803 b maystill use the UI state information 896 to determine the process entitiesabout which the UI device 803 b should provide information. For example,even if UI device 803 b does not display a graphic corresponding to thetank graphic 1015 a of the UI device 803 a, the UI device 803 b maystill determine that the tank is a high priority entity and may provideinformation about the text (a textual tank level value corresponding tothe tank level indicator 1016 a, for example).

FIG. 11 is a flow chart depicting one example method 1100 forsynchronizing UI devices 112. Other example methods will be describedbelow, and the method 1100 is not intended to be limiting. As describedabove, synchronizing UI devices 112 may enable a user to resume aprevious session from the same or another device, and it may enable twoor more users to collaborate by exchanging information. The method 1100may be implemented, in whole or in part, by one or more devices andsystems such as those shown in FIGS. 1-10. The method 1100 may beimplemented as a set of instructions, routines, programs, or modulessaved on the memory 815 of the UI device 112 and may be executed by theprocessor 810 of FIG. 8.

In the method 1100 the UI device 112 receives a request for UI stateinformation 896 (block 1101). The UI device 112 identifies a UI state ofthe first UI device 112 (block 1105). Identifying a UI state may includeidentifying the output provided on a display of the first UI device 112.Identifying the output provided on the display may include identifyingthe visual representations and graphics being provided at the display ofthe first UI device 112 and identifying entities associated with saidvisual representations and graphics. Identifying the output provided onthe display may also include: identifying the process parameters beingprovided at the display; identifying the GUI configuration at thedisplay; and identifying the UI type or device type of the UI device112.

The first UI device 112 may identify process entities associated withthe output provided at the display. The process entities may includeprocess parameter data, process plant areas, field devices, executingapplications, or application states. For example, a first UI device 112may identify a tank graphic provided at the display. Based on thatidentification, the first UI device 112 may identify tank levelmeasurements, the process plant area for the tank (e.g., the boilerarea), field devices associated with the tank (e.g., inlet valves to thetank, discharge pumps for the tank, temperature sensors for the tankmaterial, etc.), applications executing on the first UI device 112(e.g., a browser, historian, an alarm management suite, etc), and/or thestate of the executing applications (e.g., the resources being accessedor used by the browser, the parameters being used or display by thehistorian, or the alarms being displayed by the alarm management suit).

After identifying a UI state of the first UI device 112, the first UIdevice 112 may transmit data representing the identified UI state to asecond UI device 112 (block 1110). More particularly, the first UIdevice 112 may transmit data representing the identified entities to thesecond UI device 112. In alternative embodiments the first UI device 112may transmit the entity data to the server 150, where the server 150 maysubsequently transmit the entity data to the second UI device 112.

After receiving the UI state information 896 at the second UI device112, the second UI device 112 may provide output corresponding to thereceived UI state, and more particularly, to the received entity data.For example, the second UI device 112 may provide the identified processparameter data (i.e., the process parameter data that was provided atthe first UI device 112) at a display. The second UI device 112 may alsogenerate a graphical overview of the identified plant area or areas(i.e., the areas associated with the identified output at the first UIdevice 112) at a display. Additionally or alternatively, the second UIdevice 112 may generate graphical representations of one or moreidentified field devices (i.e., the devices associated with the outputprovided at the first UI device 112) at a display. The second UI device112 may also launch applications corresponding to the identifiedapplications (i.e., the applications running at the first UI device112). Finally, the second UI device 112 may cause one or moreapplications to be put into an identified state (i.e., the one or moreapplication states identified at the first UI device 112).

By way of further example, and with reference still to FIG. 11, the UIdevice 803 may capture the UI state information 896 and transmit thestate information to the process control network 100. The UI stateinformation 896 may represent the state of the UI device 112 at the timeof capture. The processor 810 may operate to capture the UI stateinformation 896 by causing the memory 815 to store data representing theUI state. The processor 810 may retrieve the UI state information 896from the memory 815 and transmit the UI state information 896 via thenetwork interface 825 to the process control network 100. The UI stateinformation 896 may ultimately be received by a node on the processcontrol network 100, such as the server 150. In alternative embodimentsthe UI state information 896 may be transmitted via the peripheralinterface (such as a USB interface, the WiFi interface, the Bluetoothinterface, or the NFC interface), where the peripheral interfacetransmits the UI state information 896 to another UI device 803.

As discussed with regard to FIG. 1A and, later, with regard to FIGS.12A, 12B, the UI state information 896 may include information or datasuch as profile data relating to the user or operator interacting withthe UI device 803. All or some of the profile data may be received atthe input interface 830 or the network interface 825. The processor 810may cause the input interface 830 or the network interface 825 totransmit the profile data over the system bus 825 to the memory 815. Incertain embodiments the processor 810 may generate the profile data inresponse to data received from the input interface 830 or the networkinterface 825, the data relating to the user of the UI device 803 or asimilar UI device 803. In other embodiments, the profile data mayalready exist on the memory 815, where the processor 810 may access theprofile data, or save the profile data under a different data structure(for example, the processor 810 may access profile data collected duringoperation of the operating system 880 or another application on the UIdevice 803, and may cause the profile data to be saved to a particulardatabase used for the UI state transfer operation).

In addition to profile data, the UI state information 896 may alsoinclude session data, relating to the output (i.e., graphics or sound)provided at the UI device 803 and relating to the applications executingat the UI device 803 and the state of the respective applications.Stated another way, in the depicted embodiment the processor 810 maygenerate the session data based on output provided at the display 825and based on data generated or used during the operation of otherapplications executed by the processor 810. In addition to user profiledata and session data, the UI state information 896 may include anyother data relating to the operation or state of the UI device 803.

In another embodiment of the UI device 803, the UI device 803 mayreceive UI state information 896 from the process control network 100and may operate to place the UI device 803 in a state corresponding tothe UI state information 896. In such an embodiment, the UI stateinformation 896 may represent a previously captured state of operationfor another UI device (“previous UI device”) (e.g., the UI device 803 b)or for the UI device 803. In operation of such an embodiment of the UIdevice 803, the UI state information 896 may be received at the networkinterface 825 via the process control network 100. The network interface825 may transmit the UI state information 896 to the memory 815 to bestored. The processor 810 may access some or all of the UI stateinformation 896 stored in the memory 815 to put the UI device 803 in astate consistent with some or all of the UI state information 896. TheUI state information 896 may indicate a UI state of operation in whichthe previous UI device provided information relating to particularentities in the process or process control network 100. The processor810 may cause the display 820 to display information corresponding tothe same particular entities. The display 820 may depict the informationin the same or similar GUI configuration used by the previous UI device803 b, but may utilize a different GUI configuration in certaincircumstances (e.g., where the UI device 803 is a different type ofdevice than the previous UI device 803 b). In some embodiments theprocessor 810 may identify points of interest (e.g., entities ofinterest) based on the UI state information 896 and may cause thedisplay 820 to provide information on the identified points of interest.

In addition or alternative to indicating process entities, the UI stateinformation 896 may indicate the state of one or more of theapplications that were running on the previous UI device 803 b. Theprocessor 810 may cause the one or more applications to launch andoperate at the indicated state. For example, the UI state information896 may indicate that a browser window was open and displaying aparticular webpage. In such an example the processor 810 may cause abrowser application to launch and open the same particular webpage. Inanother example, the UI state information 896 may indicate that aprocess history viewing tool was running and that particular processvalues were being accessed or displayed by viewing tool. In such anexample the processor 810 may cause a viewing tool application to launchand access or display the same particular process values.

Turning to FIG. 12A, a block diagram depicts exemplary data associatedwith UI devices 112 in a mobile control room 1200 a. The mobile controlroom 1200 a may enable a state transfer to one or more UI devices 112,allowing a user of the respective UI device 112 to resume workflow froma previously saved state or allowing the user of the UI device 112 tocollaborate with users of other UI devices 112. The mobile control room1200 a includes the server 150, the process control network 100, and theUI devices 112. In some embodiments the server 150 may also function asa UI device 112, where the server 150 includes the display 820 fordisplaying a GUI configuration and providing an operator or user withprocess information. In such an embodiment the server 150 may alsoinclude the input interface 830 for receiving user input.

The server 150 includes a processor 1201, a network interface 1202, anda memory 1203. The memory 1203 stores UI state information 1240, whichmay include profile data 1245 and/or session data 1265. The UI stateinformation 1240 may be stored in the database 151 depicted in FIG. 9B.The server 150 may communicate over the process control network 100using a wired or wireless communication channel. Similarly, each of theUI devices 112 may communicate over the process control network 100using a wired or wireless communication channel, and each of the UIdevices 112 may communicate with the server 150.

The memory 1203 of the server 150 may include volatile and/ornon-volatile memory and may be removable or non-removable memory. Forexample, the memory 1203 may include computer storage media in the formof random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), EEPROM, FLASHmemory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD)or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othermedium which can be used to store the desired information. The processor1201 is configured to fetch and execute instructions stored in thememory 1203. The memory 1203 may store data such as operating systemdata or program data. The network interface 1202 may include one or moreantennas for wireless communication, one or more ports for wiredconnection, or both. In some embodiments, the network interface 1202 mayinclude one or more GPS receivers, Bluetooth transceivers, NFCtransceivers, RFID transceivers, and/or local network transceivers. Thenetwork interface 1202 may communicate with the UI devices 112 via theprocess control network 100.

Each UI device 112 may include data representing a user ID 1205, asession ID 1210, a client device ID 1215, and/or a UI type 1220. Theuser ID 1205 may correspond to a single user or operator and operates asa unique identifier. Similarly, the session ID 1210 may function as aunique identifier of a particular user session at the UI device 112. Auser session is generally considered a period of use by a particularuser without any extended breaks. In general, when a user stops usingthe UI device 112 a for an extended period of time, and later resumesusing the UI device 112 a, the subsequent use represents the start of anew session (unless a session is resumed as described below). The clientdevice ID 1215 a may operate as a unique identifier of the UI device 112a. Finally, the UI type 1220 a may represent the type of GUI implementedat the UI device 112 a. The UI type often corresponds to the device typeof the UI device. In the preferred embodiment, there are two common UItypes: a normal UI and a mobile UI. Desktops, laptops, and other UIdevices with larger screens typically implement a normal UI. Mobiledevices, on the other hand, such as phones, PDAs, and tablets oftenimplement a mobile UI, which provides larger graphics and text (relativeto the screen size). In many embodiments, the mobile UI may provide adifferent GUI configuration and graphics due to the limited size of manymobile device screens. In other embodiments, there may be other UItypes, such as a phone UI, a tablet UI, or a headset UI.

The profile data 1245 may include user profiles 1250 a-1250 d. Each ofthe user profiles 1250 a-1250 d may correspond to a unique user oroperator. The user profile 1250 a may include data representing a userID 1252, a user role 1254, and user history data 1256. The user profiles1250 b-1250 d may include similar elements. The user ID 1250 a mayrepresent a unique identifier for a particular user and may correspondto the user ID 1205 a at the client device 112 a. The user role 1254 mayrepresent a particular user's responsibility, title, or role at theprocess plant. For example, the user role 1254 may limit the areas ofthe plant that the user has permission to control. The user role 1254may also limit the extent of control the user can implement, or thetypes of programs the user may access. In some embodiments the user role1254 may also limit the user's permissions for accessing and controllingentities in the process plant based on a schedule. For example, the userrole 1254 may only have permission to implement control during his workschedule (from 8 am-5 pm, for example). Finally, the user history data1256 may represent trends, habits, and preferences of the userassociated with the user profile 1250 a. The user history data 1256 mayreveal, for example, a particular area in the process plant, particulardevices or equipment, or particular process parameters that tend to befocused on by the user.

The session data 1265 may include sessions 1270 a-1270 d. The session1270 a may include data representing a session ID 1272, a user ID 1274,a client device ID 1276, a UI type 1278, application state data 1280,and session time data 1282. Each of the sessions 1270 b-1270 d mayinclude data representing similar entities. The session ID 1272 servesas a unique identifier for a particular session. The user ID 1274 mayrepresent a unique user and may correspond to the user ID 1252 of theuser profile 1250 a and the user ID 1205 a of the UI device 112 a. Theclient device ID 1276 may uniquely identify a particular UI device andmay correspond to the UI device ID 1215 a. Similarly, the UI type 1278may correspond to the UI type 1220 a at the UI device 112 a. Theapplication state data 1280 may represent programs that were running ata UI device when the UI state information 1240 was captured, and mayalso represent the state of each particular application at the time ofcapture. The session time data 1282 may represent temporal data such asthe start time of the session, the end time of the session, and thelength of the session, etc.

In operation, the UI device 112 a may capture the UI state information1240 (including the profile data 1250 a and the session data 1270 a).When a user session has ended, the UI device 112 a may transmit the UIstate information 1240 to the server 150 to be stored. The networkinterface 1202 may receive the UI state information 1240 from theprocess control network 100. The processor 1201 may operate to transmitthe UI state information 1240 to the memory 1203 where it is stored. Inalternative embodiments, the UI device 112 a may transmit some or all ofthe UI state information 1240 to the server 150 on a periodic basis, orin reaction to a triggering event. The server 150 may subsequentlytransmit some or all of the UI state information 896 to a UI device,such as UI device 112 b.

Similar to FIG. 12A, FIG. 12B is a block diagram depicting exemplarydata associated with UI devices 112 in a mobile control room 1200 b. Themobile control room 1200 b may enable state transfer from a first UIdevice 112 a to one or more other UI devices 112 b, 112 c. As in themobile control room 1200 a, the mobile control room 1200 b allows a userof the UI device 112 a to resume and/or continue a workflow on the UIdevice 112 b, or to collaborate with another user using the UI device112 b. The mobile control room 1200 b includes the server 150, theprocess control network 100, and the UI devices 112 a-c. In someembodiments the server 150 may also function as a UI device 112, wherethe server 150 includes the display 820 for displaying a GUIconfiguration and providing an operator or user with processinformation. In such an embodiment the server 150 may also include theinput interface 830 for receiving user input.

The mobile control room 1200 b differs from the mobile control 1200 a inat least one respect. Specifically, in the mobile control room 1200 b,the state and/or session data are transferred, for example from the UIdevice 112 a to the UI device 112 b, directly rather than via the server150. Each of the UI devices 112 stores the UI state information 1240,which may include the session data 1265. The session data 1265 stored byeach of the UI devices 112 may include the User ID 1205, the Session ID1210, the UI Device ID 1215, the UI device type 1220, the applicationstate data 1280, and the session time data 1282.

The user profile data 1245 described with reference to FIG. 12A, may bestored in the server 150 and/or in the memory of the individual UIdevices 112. In this way, any user may use any of the UI devices 112,and the user's profile (including the user's preferences, roles, historydata, etc.) will be available to the UI device 112. In some embodiments,the UI device 112 may download or otherwise access the user profile data1245 from the server 150 when a particular user logs into the UI device112. In other embodiments, the profiles of all users, or of users whohave previously used a particular UI device 112, may be resident in thememory of the UI device 112.

In operation, each UI device 112 may have stored in the memory 815 oneor more applications, such as display applications, for viewinginformation about the process plant. The UI device 112 may periodicallystore the state of the application(s) in the application state data 1280and/or may store the state of the application(s) upon a request totransfer that state to another UI device 112. By way of example, a usermay be viewing process plant data using a viewing application on the UIdevice 112 a. The viewing application may be resident on the UI device112 a, and may be retrieving and/or receiving data (e.g., process data)from the server 150. In embodiments, the UI device 112 a receives bothprocess data and visualization data from the server 150. For example,the UI device 112 a may receive from the server 150 trend data relatedto a particular process parameter, and with that trend data mayadditionally receive rendering instructions indicating the manner inwhich the data are to be displayed (e.g., 3D plot information, tableinformation, axis information, etc.). The rendering data may be sent asa separate entity, allowing the same data to be sent with differentrendering (e.g., formatting) information according to the target device.In any event, the UI device 112 a maintains certain informationregarding the state of the application(s) running on the UI device 112a, including information about which data are being displayed, whichprocess plant areas or devices are being displayed, which tasks arebeing executed, and the like.

The user may desire to switch from the UI device 112 a to the UI device112 b, for example to move from a workstation UI device to a tablet UIdevice. To do so, the user may initiate a state transfer from the UIdevice 112 a to the UI device 112 b. In a first embodiment, the userbrings the UI device 112 b proximate to the UI device 112 a such thatNFC devices in each UI device 112 can communicate with each other toestablish and set up a connection. The NFC devices may cooperate, forexample, to set up a connection via Bluetooth or WiFi, such that thesession data 1265 a may be passed from the UI device 112 a to the UIdevice 112 b, allowing the UI device 112 b to resume the session in astate similar to or the same as that which was operating on the UIDevice 112 a. In a second embodiment, the user may engage one or moremenus on the UI device 112 b to select a session number, for example,displayed on the display 820 of the UI device 112 a. Other embodimentsfor transferring state, which may be employed in this circumstance or inothers, are described throughout this description. The devices may thencommunicate, via the network 100 (and optionally the server 150) ordirectly between them via Bluetooth or WiFi to transfer the session data1265 a from the UI device 112 a to the UI device 112 b. Once the UIdevice 112 b has received the session data 1265 a and stored it assession data 1265 b, the UI device 112 b may resume the session that waspreviously operating on the UI device 112 a.

In embodiments, the transfer of state from a first UI device 112 to asecond UI device 112 also transfers any control associated with the UIdevice 112. For example, in some instances, a controller or otherprocess device may receive inputs from only a single source at a time.In such instances, it is important that the source of the inputs bedefinitely established, and that any potential for conflicts be removed.Where a user switches from a first UI device 112 to a second UI device112, any such inputs must definitively be associated with the second UIdevice 112 after the transfer of state to that device. In suchinstances, the server 150 may maintain tracking data (e.g., the UIdevice ID 1276 associated with a particular session 1265), and mayre-assign the UI device ID upon the transfer to the second UI device.The server 150 may be able to establish that a transfer occurred, evenif the transfer occurs directly between the first and second UI devices112, according to the most recent request for process control data. Forexample, the server 150 may determine that the UI device 112 b has mostrecently requested data and, therefore, may determine that the UI device112 b now has control over the session. Alternatively, the UI device 112a may relinquish or disavow the session once the session has beentransferred, by sending a message to the server 150 indicating that theUI device 112 a is no longer associated with the session transferred toUI device 112 b, or the UI device 112 b may send a similar message tothe server 150 positively identifying that the UI device 112 b is nowassociated with the session and instructing the server 150 that the UIdevice 112 a is no longer associated with the session. In still anotherembodiment, each session may have associated with it a “session token,”stored in the memory of the UI device, that is passed from device todevice. When the device does not have the session token for a particularsession, the device will not send commands (or at least will refrainfrom sending a subset of commands) from that device, even if the deviceotherwise maintains the session. In this manner, data associated with aparticular session may continued to be displayed on the UI device 112 a,even after the state transfer has occurred and the session token hasbeen passed to the UI device 112 b. The session token may take any form,including, by way of example, a secure file, a hash code, a particularcode or character sequence, etc.

A variety of methods related to the concepts described in the precedingparagraphs will now be described with reference to correspondingfigures.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart of an example method 1300 for providing sessiondata to a UI device 112. Providing session data may facilitate UI statetransfer or synchronization, enabling continuous workflow or workercollaboration. The method 1300 may be implemented, in whole or in part,at one or more devices or systems such as the server 150 shown in FIGS.1, 9, and 12. The method may be saved as a set of instructions,routines, programs, or modules on the memory 1203, and may be executedby the processor 1201.

The method 1300 begins when the server 150 receives a session requestfrom the UI device 112 (block 1305). The server 150 may determinewhether the UI device 112 is providing a user ID (block 1310) and mayrequest a user ID when one has not been provided (block 1315). Once theuser ID has been provided, the server 150 may identify the dataassociated with the user ID (block 1320). For example, there may be oneor more user profiles, sessions, or UI devices 112 associated with theuser ID. In alternative embodiments, the server 150 may receive a UIdevice ID and identify data associated with the UI device ID (ratherthan the user ID).

After identifying data associated with the provided user ID, the server150 may determine whether the UI device 112 is requesting to resume workflow from a previous session (block 1325). When no such request exists,the server 150 may identify a default session (i.e., data representing anew session or default session) as the “target session” that will beprovided to the UI device (block 1330). The default session data mayinclude data such as default GUI configuration data, default processparameter data, or default display data. For example, the default GUIconfiguration for new sessions that do not resume previous work-flow mayinclude an active window with a plant overview graphic. The server 150may transmit the default session data to the UI device 112 (block 1350).

When the server 150 receives a request to resume previous work flow, theserver 150 may determine whether a particular session has beenidentified by the UI device 112 (block 1335). When no particular sessionhas been identified, the server 150 may identify the most recently savedsession associated with the user ID (or UI device ID in alternativeembodiments) as the “target session” that will be provided to the UIdevice 112 (block 1340). The server 150 may transmit the recent sessiondata to the UI device 112 (block 1350). When the server 150 receives aparticular session associated with the request to resume workflow, theserver 150 may identify the stored session data for that particularsession (stored in the memory 1203 of the server 150 shown in FIG. 12A,for example) as the data for the “target session” that will be providedto the UI device 112 (block 1345). The server 150 may transmit theparticular session data to the UI device 112 (block 1350).

In alternative embodiments, the server 150 may be a second UI device112, wherein the second UI device 112 receives the session request froma first UI device 112 and provides session data to the first UI device112.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart of an example method 1400 for generating a GUIconfiguration at the UI device 112. The method 1400 may enable the UIdevice 112 to provide output in accordance with the information receivedin a UI state transfer and in accordance with the context of the UIdevice's 112 environment and use. The method 1400 may be implemented, inwhole or in part, at one or more devices or systems such as any of theUI devices 112 or 112 a-g (FIGS. 1-10 and 12). The method 1400 may besaved as a set of instructions, routines, programs, or modules on thememory 815, and may be executed by the processor 8310.

The method 1400 begins when the UI device 112 identifies context data(block 1405). The UI device 112 may also identify entities associatedwith the context data. The context data may be any context informationor item. In one embodiment, the context data may represent any of theelements included in the context awareness data 1540 or the work itemdata 1550 described in relation to FIG. 15. The associated entities maybe any area, equipment, devices, or parameter associated with thecontext item.

The method 1400 may include receiving UI state information 896, such asthe UI state information 896 shown in FIG. 12 (block 14). The UI device112 may receive the UI state information 896 from a device or systemimplementing the method 1300 shown in FIG. 13. After receiving the UIstate information 896, the UI device 112 may identify entitiesassociated with the received UI state information 896 (block 1420). Anentity may be any area, device, system, or parameter in the process. Ingeneral, the entities associated with the UI state information 896 arealso associated with the information that was provided at the previousUI device 112 where the UI state information 896 was captured.

The UI device 112 may prioritize the entities (block 1430). An entitymay be higher or lower priority depending on factors such as theentity's importance to stable operation of the process, time sensitivity(e.g., a batch may be ruined if an entity is not addressed quickly),location (e.g., the UI device 112 is proximate to a location associatedwith an entity), status (e.g., an entity is malfunctioning or associatedwith a malfunction), alarm condition, (e.g., the entity is associatedwith a parameter value outside the normal operating range), schedule(e.g., an entity may be associated with off-line equipment), or workitem relevance (e.g., the entity may be related to a work itemassociated with the user or UI device 112).

The UI device 112 may generate a GUI configuration based on theprioritized entities (block 1435). Prioritizing the entities may benecessary when the UI device 112 cannot display all of the informationrelevant to the entities identified in the context data and the receivedsession. For example, in some embodiments the previous UI device 112 maybe a workstation with a normal UI type, while the UI device 112receiving the UI state information 896 is a tablet with a mobile UItype. Because mobile UI devices are configured for smaller screens, theyoften provide less information. Thus, even if the UI device 112 avoidedidentifying entities associated with context data, the UI device 112would still prioritize entities in order to identify for which entitiesthe UI device 112 should provide information.

In alternative embodiments, the system or device providing the UI stateinformation 896 may identify the UI type or device type of the UI device112 receiving the UI state information 896. In such embodiments, theproviding system may tailor the UI state information 896 provided to theUI device 112. In other words, the providing system may provide more orless information based on the UI type or device type. The providingsystem may also provide display data formatted for the UI type or devicetype.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart depicting a method 1500 for direct stateinformation transfer between two UI devices 112 in the process controlplant 10. The method 1500 may be implemented, in whole or in part, atone or more devices or systems such as any of the UI devices 112. Themethod 1500 may be saved as a set of instructions, routines, programs,or modules on the memory 815, and may be executed by the processor 810.

The method 1500 beings with a first UI device 112 that may execute oneor more first routines for performing a function (block 1505). Thefunction may be a control function, operation function, configurationfunction, a maintenance function, a data analysis function, a managementfunction, a quality control function, or a security function. The firstUI device 112 may be coupled, via a network, to a unitary, logical datastorage area, such as the big data appliance 102. The unitary, logicaldata storage area may be configured to store, using a common format,process data corresponding to the process plant. The process data mayinclude multiple types of process data, including configuration data,continuous data, batch data, measurement data, and event data.

The first UI device 112 may pass state information to a second UI device112 (block 1510). The state information may indicate one or more firstroutines operating on the first UI device 112. In some embodiments, thestate information may be passed via an Internet connection. In otherembodiments, the state information may be passed via an intermediarynetwork. In still other embodiments, the state information may be passedfrom the first UI device 112 to the second UI device 112 viapoint-to-point wireless connection. In some instances, the stateinformation may be passed via wireless communication according to aprotocol such as the Bluetooth protocol or the NFC protocol. In otherinstances, the state information may be passed from the first UI device112 to the second UI device 112 via an intermediary device (which may bethe server 150). In certain instances, the first UI device 112 may passthe state information to the second UI device 112 when the UI devices112 mutually detect one another and the same user is logged onto bothdevices. In some embodiments, the state information may be passed uponan receiving an instruction, at the first UI device 112, to pass thestate information. In certain embodiments, passing the state informationmay facilitate one or more of: collaboration on the two UI devices 112between different users; mobility of a single user across the two UIdevices 112; device awareness of user location within the process plant;or device awareness of user proximity to particular process plantequipment.

The second UI device 112 may receive the state information and executeone or more second routines (block 1515). The display of the second UIdevice 112 may be configured according to the stored state and accordingto the device type of UI type of the second UI device 112. The secondroutines may correspond to one or more of the first routines operatingon the first UI device 112. In some embodiments, the second UI device112 may receive a signal from a location awareness component and maymodify the execution of the one or more second routines according to thereceived signal. In certain instances, the location awareness componentmay receive a signal from the second UI device 112. The signal maycause, via the network, the second UI device 112 to modify execution ofthe one or more routines according to the received signal. Modifyingexecuting of the one or more routines may include one or more of:highlighting an area of the process plant in which the second UI device112 is located; displaying information about a particular device withina predetermined distance of the second UI device 112; displaying analarm relevant to a device in the area of the process plant in which thesecond UI device 112 is located; or displaying a work item pertaining toa device in the area of the process plant in which the second UI device112 is located.

In some embodiments, the second UI device 112 may receive a signal froman equipment awareness component and modify execution of the one or moresecond routines in accordance with the received signal. In certainembodiments, the equipment awareness component may include a transmitterto transmit a wireless signal to the second UI device 112. The wirelesssignal may identify the equipment with which the transmitter isassociated.

In some embodiments, either or both the first UI device 112 and thesecond UI device 112 may be mobile devices. In other embodiments, eitheror both the first and second UI devices 112 may be workstations. In someembodiments, one UI device 112 may be a mobile device and the other maybe a workstation. In an embodiment, the second UI device 112 mayconfigure a display according to the state information received from thefirst UI device 112 and according to a device type or UI type associatedwith the second UI device 112.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart depicting an example method 1600 fortransferring state information between two UI devices 112 coupled to theserver 150 in the process plant 10. The method 1600 may be implemented,in whole or in part, at one or more networks or systems such as theprocess control network 100. In particular, the method 1600 may beimplemented, in whole or in part, at one or more devices or systems suchas the server 150 or at one or more devices or systems such as any ofthe UI devices 112. The method 1600 may be saved as a set ofinstructions, routines, programs, or modules on the memory 815 or thememory 1203, and may be executed by the processor 810 or the processor1201.

The method 1600 begins with a first UI device 112 that may execute oneor more first routines for performing a function in a process plant(block 1605). The first UI device 112 may track the state of the one ormore first routines executing at the first UI device 112 (block 1610).In some embodiments, the server 150 may track the state of the one ormore first routines executing at a first UI device 112. The first UIdevice 112, or the server 150, may store the tracked state of the one ormore first routines (block 1615)

The first UI device 112, or the server 150, may transfer the storedstate of the one or more first routines to a second UI device 112 (block1620). In some embodiments, the state information may be passed via anInternet connection. In other embodiments, the state information may bepassed from the first UI device 112 or server 150 to the second UIdevice 112 via point-to-point wireless connection. The state informationmay also be transferred from the first UI device 112 to the second UIdevice 112 via an intermediary device or server 150. In some instances,the state information may be passed via wireless communication accordingto a protocol such as the Bluetooth protocol or the near fieldcommunication protocol. In certain embodiments, the state may betransferred to the second UI device 112 upon detection of the first UIdevice 112 by the second UI device 112, or upon detection of the secondUI device 112 by the first UI device 112. Transferring the stored stateto the second UI device 112 may include transferring the stored stateupon an instruction received at the first UI device 112, where theinstruction instructs the first UI device 112 to pass the stored stateto the second UI device 112.

The second UI device 112 may execute one or more second routines, wherethe second routines correspond to the one or more first routinesexecuted at the first UI device 112 (block 1625). In some embodiments,the second UI device 112 may receive a signal. The signal may indicatethe proximity of the second UI device 112 to a device or location. Afterreceiving the signal, the second UI device 112 may modify the executionof the one or more second routines according to the received signal. Insome embodiments the second UI device 112 may transmit, to a locationawareness component, a signal indicating the proximity of the second UIdevice 112 to the device or location. In such an embodiment the secondUI device 112 may receive, from a server 150, information specific tothe device or location.

In some embodiments, the second UI device 112 may take one or more ofthe following actions when in proximity to the device or location:highlighting an area of the process plant in which the second UI device112 is located; displaying information about a particular device withina predetermined distance of the second UI device 112; displaying analarm relevant to a device in the area of the process plant in which thesecond UI device 112 is located; displaying a work item pertaining to adevice in the area of the process plant in which the second UI device112 is located; highlighting on a display process plant equipmentassociated with the received signal; displaying on the second UI device112 information about a particular device associated with the receivedsignal; displaying an alarm relevant to the device associated with thereceived signal; or displaying a work item pertaining to the deviceassociated with the received signal.

In some embodiments, either or both the first UI device 112 and thesecond UI device 112 may be mobile devices. In other embodiments, eitheror both the first and second UI device 112 may be workstations. In someembodiments, one UI device 112 may be a mobile device and the other maybe a workstation. In an embodiment, the second UI device 112 mayconfigure a display according to the state information received from thefirst UI device 112 and according to a device type or UI type associatedwith the second UI device 112.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart depicting an additional method 1700 fortransferring state information between two UI devices 112 in the processcontrol plant 10. The method 1700 may be implemented, in whole or inpart, at one or more devices or systems such as the server 150 or at oneor more devices or systems such as any of the UI devices 112. The method1700 may be saved as a set of instructions, routines, programs, ormodules on the memory 815 or the memory 1203, and may be executed by theprocessor 810 or the processor 1201 of FIG. 12.

The method 7500 begins with the server 150 that may provide one or morefunctions related to process data (block 1705). In some embodiments, theprocess data may be stored at a unitary, logical, data storage area andmay be stored using a common format. The process data may includemultiple types of process data, including configuration data, continuousdata, batch data, measurement data, and event data.

The server 150 may allow a first UI device 112 to access, via the server150, the process data. The server 150 may also allow the first UI device112 to maintain state information on the server 150 (block 1710). Thestate information may be indicative of the state of the UI executing onthe first UI device 112.

The server 150 may allow a second UI device 112 to access, via theserver 150, the process data and state information (block 1710). Thesecond UI device 112 may execute a UI in accordance with the stateinformation.

In some embodiments, either or both the first UI device 112 and thesecond UI device 112 may be mobile devices. In other embodiments, eitheror both the first and second UI devices 112 may be workstations. In someembodiments, one UI device 112 may be a mobile device and the other maybe a workstation.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart of an exemplary method 1800 for operating theprocess control plant 10 using UI devices 112 associated with the mobilecontrol room. The method 1800 may be implemented, in whole or in part,at one or more devices or systems such as the server 150 or at one ormore devices or systems such as any of the UI devices 112. The method1800 may be saved as a set of instructions, routines, programs, ormodules on the memory 815 or the memory 1203, and may be executed by theprocessor 810 or the processor 1201.

The method 1800 begins with a first UI device 112 that may access theserver 150 (block 1805). The server 150 may be communicatively coupledto a database storing process data. The first UI device 112 may beassociated with a first user profile. The first UI device 112 mayperform a function in the process plant (block 1810).

A second UI device 112 may request access to the server 150 (block1812). The second UI device 112 may be associated with the first userprofile. The server 150 may store state information, where the stateinformation is associated with the state of the first UI device 112(block 1815).

The server 150 may provide access to the second UI device 112, where theaccess may be in accordance with the stored state information (block1820). The second UI device 112 may perform a function in the processplant (block 1825).

In some embodiments, either or both the first UI device 112 and thesecond UI device 112 may be mobile devices. In other embodiments, eitheror both the first and second UI devices 112 may be workstations. In someembodiments, one UI device 112 may be a mobile device and the other maybe a workstation.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary method 1900, executed ona server, for facilitating mobile control of the process plant 10. Themethod 1900 may be implemented, in whole or in part, at one or morenetworks or systems such as the process control network 100. Inparticular, the method 1900 may be implemented, in whole or in part, atone or more devices or systems such as the server 150 or at one or moredevices or systems such as any of the UI devices 112. The method 1900may be saved as a set of instructions, routines, programs, or modules onthe memory 815 or the memory 1203, and may be executed by the processor810 or the processor 1201.

The method 1900 begins with the server 150 that may format process datafor display on a first UI device 112 (block 1905). In some instances,the formatted process data may be viewable in a web browser executing onthe first UI device 112. The server 150 may format the process dataaccording to a device type or a UI type of the first UI device 112.

The server 150 may transmit, to the first UI device 112, the formattedprocess data (block 1910). In particular, the server 150 may transmit,to the first UI device 112, process data viewable in a multi-purposeprocess control application executing on the first UI device 112.

The server 150 may store state information associated with the displayof the process data on the first UI device 112 (block 1915). Storing thestate information may include storing one or more of: a displayconfiguration of the first UI device 112; a portion of the process plantdisplayed by the first UI device 112; data of a process control devicedisplayed by the first UI device 112; a function being performed on thefirst UI device 112, the function including one or more of a controlfunction, an operation function, a configuration function, a maintenancefunction, a data analysis function, a quality control function, or asecurity function; and a user profile active on the first UI device 112.

The server 150 may format the process data for display on a second UIdevice 112 according to the stored state information (block 1920). Theserver 150 may transmit, to the second UI device 112, the process data(block 1925). In particular, the server 150 may format the process dataaccording to a device type or UI type of the second UI device 112. Insome instances, the device type of the second UI device 112 may bedifferent than the device type of the first UI device 112. For example,the first UI device 112 may be a workstation and the second UI device112 may be a mobile device. Alternatively, the first UI device 112 maybe a mobile device and the second UI device 112 may be a workstation. Insome embodiments, the server 150 may format the process data for displayon the second UI device 112 such that an operation state of the first UIdevice 112 is duplication on the second UI device 112.

In some embodiments, the server 150 may receive a request from thesecond UI device 112 to provide to the second UI device 112 a userinterface according to the stored state information. The server 150 mayestablish, with the second UI device 112 and in response to the requestto provide a user interface, a secure communication channel between theserver 150 and the second UI device 112.

FIG. 20 is a flow chart of an exemplary method 2000 for transferring astate of the first UI device 112 to the second UI device 112. The method2000 may be implemented, in whole or in part, at one or more networks orsystems such as the process control network 100. In particular, themethod 2000 may be implemented, in whole or in part, at one or moredevices or systems such as the server 150 or at one or more devices orsystems such as any of the UI devices 112. The method 2000 may be savedas a set of instructions, routines, programs, or modules the memory 815or the memory 1203, and may be executed by the processor 810 or theprocessor 1201.

The method 2000 begins with a first UI device 112 or the server 150 thatmay identify the graphics depicted at a display of the first UI device112 (block 2005).

The first UI device 112 or the server 150 may identify process entitydata associated with the graphics provided at the display of the firstUI device 112 (block 2010). Identifying the process entity data mayinclude identifying one or more of: process parameter data associatedwith the graphics provided at the display of the first UI device 112; aprocess plant area associated with the graphics provided at the displayof the first UI device 112; a field device associated with the graphicsprovided at the display of the first UI device 112; an applicationexecuting on the first UI device 112; or a state of an applicationexecuting on the first UI device 112.

The first UI device 112 or the server 150 may transmit the identifiedprocess entity data to a second UI device 112 (block 2020). The first UIdevice 112 or the server 150 may provide the identified graphics to thesecond UI device 112 (block 2020).

FIG. 21 is a flow chart depicting a method 2100 for initiating a UIsession on the first UI device 112. The method 2100 may be implemented,in whole or in part, at one or more networks or systems such as theprocess control network 100. In particular, the method 2100 may beimplemented, in whole or in part, at one or more devices or systems suchas the server 150 or at one or more devices or systems such as any ofthe UI devices 112. The method 2100 may be saved as a set ofinstructions, routines, programs, or modules on the memory 815 or thememory 1203, and may be executed by the processor 810 or the processor1201.

The method 2100 begins with the server 150 that may receive, from afirst UI device 112, a session request (block 2105).

The server 150 may identify a user profile associated with the sessionrequest (block 2110). Identifying a user profile associated with thesession request may include receiving, from the first UI device 112, auser identifier associated with the user profile. The user identifiermay be currently logged into the first UI device 112. Identifying a userprofile may also include receiving, from the first UI device 112, a useridentifier associated with the user profile, where the user identifiermay be currently logged into a second UI device 112.

The server 150 may determine whether a previous session exists (block2115). The making the determination may include requesting, from thefirst UI device 112, a session identifier associated with the previoussession. In some embodiments, making the determination may includereceiving, from the first UI device 112 and in response to the sessionidentifier request, a session identifier. In some embodiments, makingthe determination may include identifying the session identifierreceived with the session request.

The server 150 may instantiate a new session according to the previoussession when a previous session exists (block 2115). Alternatively, theserver 150 may instantiate a new session if no previous session exists,where the new session may be instantiated using a default sessionconfiguration. Instantiating a new session according to a previoussession may include determining whether a session identifier wasreceived with the session request. When a session identifier wasreceived with the session request, the server 150 may instantiate asession associated with the session identifier. When a sessionidentifier was no received with the session request, the server 150 mayinstantiate a session associated with a recent session, such as the mostrecent session of a user identifier associated with the first UI device112.

In some embodiments, the method 2100 may further include the server 150transmitting, to the second UI device 112, a request to instantiate onthe first UI device 112 a session according to the session operating onthe second UI device 112. The method 2100 may also include the server150 receiving, from the second client device, a confirmation.

FIG. 22 is a flow chart of a second method 2200 for instantiating a UIsession on the first UI device 112. The method 2200 may be implemented,in whole or in part, at one or more networks or systems such as theprocess control network 100. In particular, the method 2200 may beimplemented, in whole or in part, at one or more devices or systems suchas the server 150 or at one or more devices or systems such as any ofthe UI devices 112. The method 2200 may be saved as a set ofinstructions, routines, programs, or modules on the memory 815 or thememory 1203, and may be executed by the processor 810 or the processor1201.

The method 2200 begins with the server 150 that may receive, from afirst UI device 112, a session request (block 2205). Receiving thesession request may include receiving a target session identifier and adevice type.

The server 150 may determine a device type associated with the sessionrequest (block 2210). The server 150 may identify a graphical userinterface configuration according to the device type (block 2215). Theserver 150 may identify a target session associated with the sessionrequest (block 2220).

The server 150 may configure a new session for the first UI device 112according to the identified graphical user interface configuration andthe identified target session. The server 150 may transmit, to the firstUI device 112, data associated with the new session (block 2225).Configuring the new session may include identifying, as session data,one or more of a process area, an equipment resource, or a set ofprocess data monitored or controlled in the target session. Configuringthe new session may also include configuring the new session accordingto constraints associated with the identified graphical user interfaceconfiguration. Configuring the new session may further includeidentifying context data associated with the session request.

Identifying context data may include: identifying a location of thefirst UI device 112 in the process plant, identifying a user type or auser identifier associated with the session request; identifying a usertype or a user identifier associated with the first UI device 112;identifying one or more process control devices within a predetermineddistance from the first UI device 112; identifying a function beingperformed on a second UI device 112 associated with the target session;or identifying a user identifier associated with a second US deviceassociated with the target session.

Context Awareness

FIG. 23 illustrates a second aspect of an exemplary mobile control room2300—context awareness. The mobile control room 2300 includes a UIdevice 112 and a process entity 199. The process entity 199 may be acurrent task, a user, a process area, a device, a piece of equipment, oranother UI device. The mobile control room 2300 may respond to one ormore contexts in combination, and may respond to the one or morecontexts in a variety of manners, as described below. Generally, the UIdevice 112 will retrieve information about what data to display and theformat in which to display the data, and will retrieve and/or displaydata according to the context.

In embodiments, the information that specifies the types and format ofdata to display is included in an extended device description language(DDL). A DDL is a human-readable language that provides a protocol fordescribing the data available from a smart device, the meaning of thedata associated with the smart device and retrieved therefrom, themethods available for implementation of the smart device, the format forcommunicating with the smart device to obtain data, user interfaceinformation about the device (such as edit displays and menus), and datanecessary for handling or interpreting other information pertaining tothe smart device. An extended DDL may also include, among other things:what information should be displayed to different types of users; how toformat the information displayed to different types of users; whatinformation should be displayed on different types of displays; how toformat the information displayed on different types of displays; whatinformation should be displayed according to a target function (i.e.,what information to display when a user is performing a specific task);how to format the information displayed for a user performing a targetfunction; and how to merge instructions according to various profilesaccording to some combination of user, target function, and displaytype.

The UI device 112 may download the DDL or extended DDL for a particulardevice from the server 150 when the UI device 112 is proximate to aspecific process control device and/or when the user requests to displayinformation related to the process control device. In some embodiments,the UI device 112 may cache the DDL or extended DDL (referred tocollectively hereafter as “the DDL”) for future use once it has beenused. By caching the DDL for a device, the UI device 112 can morequickly provide the display information when a particular context ordisplay is activated/requested. The UI device 112 may update the DDLinformation in the background, in case the DDL has changed. The DDL maychange according to user preferences, according to standards for theprocess plant, according to determinations by the expert systemregarding what information is useful in a particular context (e.g., ifthe expert system determines that a particular parameter or value isimportant in the event of an alarm, etc.), and the like.

In an embodiment, the mobile control room 2300 and, in particular, theUI device 112 carried by a user, may display for the user information(e.g., status, process variables and/or parameters, etc.) related to aparticular process control device proximate to the user. The UI device112 may determine the location of the UI device 112 and/or may determinethat the UI device 112 is proximate to the process control device in themanner described below. After determining that the UI device 112 isproximate to the process control device, the UI device 112 may access orretrieve a DDL that specifies the device-specific data (e.g., processparameters, status, maintenance information, etc.) to display, and thenmay download and display the device-specific data according to the DDL.In embodiments, the data displayed for a specific process control devicemay include data related to other process control devices, such as dataabout the operation or status of adjacent devices, data about theoperation of the process (e.g., state of a batch recipe), etc.

In another embodiment, the UI device 112 may display informationaccording not only to the location of the device and/or the proximity ofthe device to a particular process control device, but also according tothe user and, in particular, according to the span of control of theuser. In process control, the span of control refers to the role of theuser and the tasks and equipment for which the user is responsible. Auser's span of control may affect aspects of the process such as theprocess parameters the user can view, the process parameters the usercan modify, the times at which the user can modify process parameters,the areas and/or equipment of the process plant that the user canview/modify, the alarms/alerts that the user can acknowledge, themaintenance tasks the user can perform, the decisions that the user maybe asked or required to make, etc. Thus, in these embodiments, the UIdevice 112 may retrieve from a user profile for the user (stored on theUI device 112 or on the server 150) information about the user's roleand/or span of control, and may display data specific to the user's roleand/or span of control. For example, the data displayed may be datauseful or required for the user to make control decisions in a specificplant condition, if the user is an operator. Additionally, theinformation displayed by the UI device 112 may be formatted according tothe user's role or span of control. For example, when the UI device 112is proximate to a mixing tank, the UI device 112 being used by anoperator may display the operational status of the tank, the capacity ofthe tank, the fill level of the tank, temperature of the material in thetank, the pressure in the tank, the status of any input/output valvescontrolling material flowing into/out of the tank, any alarms or alertsrelated to the tank, and the status of an executing batch recipe. If thesame UI device 112 is used by a maintenance technician proximate to thesame mixing tank, the UI device 112 may display the status of the mixingtank, the calibration dates of sensors in the mixing tank, the date thetank was last serviced and/or cleaned, a list of scheduled maintenancetasks for (or affecting) the mixing tank, any alarms that indicaterequired maintenance, the material inside the tank, any lockouts on thetank if the tank is out of service, the presence of any residual fumes,etc.

In still another embodiment, the UI device 112 may display informationaccording not only to the location of the device and/or the proximity ofthe device to a particular process control device, but also according toa target function. For example, a user may be assigned a work item(e.g., by the supervisor engine 106). The UI device 112 may be aware(e.g., because of the time the work item is scheduled to be performed,because of an input from the user, etc.) that the user is going toperform a task related to the work item. When the user arrives at alocation or proximity to a process control device related to the workitem (i.e., the target equipment and target location), the UI device 112may information related to the specific task. Referring again to theexample mixing tank above, a maintenance technician performing a workitem related to cleaning or servicing the tank may be presented by theUI device 112 with the operational status of the tank and instructionsor commands for disabling the tank, taking the tank out of service,locking out the tank, or any other procedures necessary to commence thecleaning or servicing function associated with the work item. The UIdevice 112 may also extract information from the supervisor engine 104,from the server 150, from the big data appliance 102, or from one ormore controllers, to implement and/or support maintenance functions andsafe operation. As described in examples above (e.g., in example 4), theUI device 112 may extract information/data to facilitate safety during amaintenance task. The implementation of these concepts is described inthe following paragraphs.

In operation, the mobile control room 2300 may enable the UI device 112to receive information about the environment and manner of use of the UIdevice 112. For example, the UI device 112 may identify its location ina process plant by receiving location data from a stationary locationdevice 118, such as a GPS device, or from a node on the process controlnetwork 100 shown in FIG. 1A. For example, the UI device 112 may executea context awareness routine and/or location awareness routine that maytrack a user's location, schedule, skill set, and/or work item progress.In other embodiments, the server 150 shown in FIG. 1A may execute thecontext and/or location awareness routine, where the context and/orlocation awareness routine communicates with the UI device 112. Based onthe tracking, the location and/or context awareness routine may enablethe UI device 112 to automatically determine and/or display plant maps,equipment photos or videos, GPS coordinates and other informationcorresponding to a worker's location or to aid the mobile worker innavigation and equipment identification. Additionally or alternatively,as a user may have a particular skill set, the context awareness routineor UI device 112 may automatically customize the appearance of the GUIconfiguration based on the skill set and/or the location of the UIdevice 112. For example, in another scenario, the context awarenessroutine may inform the user in real-time of a newly opened work item oralarm that pertains to a piece of equipment in his or her vicinity andthat the mobile worker is qualified to address. In yet another scenario,the context awareness routine may cause one or more applications thatspecifically pertain to the location and/or skill set of the user to beautomatically launched at the UI device 112.

The UI device 112 may identify a particular process entity, such as afield device or piece of equipment, in its vicinity. The processentities may automatically self-identify to the UI device 112, e.g., byusing a wireless communication protocol such as an IEEE 802.11 compliantwireless local area network protocol, a mobile communication protocolsuch as WiMAX, LTE or other ITU-R compatible protocol, ashort-wavelength radio communication protocol such as near fieldcommunications (NFC) or Bluetooth, a process control wireless protocolsuch as Wireless HART, or some other suitable wireless communicationprotocol. In some embodiments the UI device 112 may receive schedules orwork items relevant to the identified location, equipment or fielddevice. In an embodiment, identifying a process entity may cause the UIdevice 112 to automatically launch one or more applications that pertainto the identified process entity, such as a work order, a diagnostic, ananalysis, or other application.

In operation, the UI device 112 may identify the process entity 199 viaan image sensor at the UI device 112, in some embodiments. In someinstances, a user of the UI device 112 may take a picture of the processentity 199 and the UI device 112 may identify the process entity 199based on the captured image. In some embodiments, the process entity 199may include, or be proximate to, a context ID device 198 that provides aunique tag or identifier (e.g., a barcode). The UI device 112 maycapture the unique tag, allowing the UI device 112 to identify theprocess entity 199 or the context ID device 198. The UI device 112 mayprovide information (via a display, for example) relevant to the processentity 199 or relevant to the context ID device 198. In someembodiments, the UI device 112 may determine the location of the UIdevice 112 by determining the location of the identified process entity199 or the context ID device 198. Once the location of the UI device 112has been determined, the UI device 112 may provide context information(via a display, for example) relevant to the determined location. Thecontext information may, for example, relate to other process entitiesin the area, schedules, or work items. In some embodiments, the contextID device 198 may transmit the contextual information to the UI device112. In other embodiments, the UI device 112 may receive the contextinformation from the server 150 in response to transmitting its locationto the server 150.

In some implementations, the UI device 112 may identify the processentity 199 via a motion sensor or an audio sensor. For example the audiosensor may be used to capture audio associated with the process entity199 (e.g., via a sound capture routine). The audio may be generated bythe process entity 199 during normal operation of the process entity. Inother implementations, the audio may be generated by a speaker of anaudio device associated with the process entity 199. In any event, thecaptured audio may be used to identify the process entity 199. The UIdevice 112 may also detect vibrations via a motion sensor to identifythe process entity 199. For example, a plant asset may have an expectedlevel of vibration during operation. A user may place the UI device 112on or near the plant asset. The UI device 112 may use data detected bythe motion sensor to identify a current level of vibration associatedwith the asset. The UI device 112 may correlate the current level ofvibration to a signature vibration associated with the process entity199, allowing the UI device 112 to identify the process entity 199. Insome instances, a motion sensor and/or audio sensor may be used inconjunction with another identified image/sound/vibration/location toidentify a unique identifier. For example, based on a detected vibrationlevel associated with a plant asset and the location of the UI device112, the UI device 112 may identify a particular tag associated with theprocess entity 199, allowing the UI device 112 to identify the processentity 199.

In further operation, the UI device 112 may identify its own location byreceiving location data from one or more GPS satellites 2303. Afteridentifying its location, the UI device 112 may communicate with adatabase or server to identify process entities with locations proximateto the location of the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may transmit itslocation to the server 150. The server 150 may transmit contextinformation back to the UI device 112. The context information mayrelate to one or more process areas, devices, or equipment proximate tothe UI device 112. The context information may also relate to schedulesor work items relevant to the location of the UI device 112. FIGS.24-27, described below, elaborate on the operation of the contextawareness routine in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram of an exemplary context-aware UI device 112in a mobile control room 2400. The context aware mobile control room2400 may enable the UI device 112 to provide output in response to itsenvironment and manner of use. The context aware mobile control room2400 may include a context identification (“context ID”) device 2402,the UI device 112, and the server 150. The UI device 112 may interactwith the context ID device 2402 to identify context data or contextitems. In certain embodiments the context ID device 2402 may communicatewith the UI device 112 over wireless or wired channels. In certainembodiments, the context ID device 2402 may transmit process parameterdata and/or display data to the UI device 112. The context ID device2402 may utilize image identification technology (such as a bar code orQR code), audio identification technology (emitting a unique soundsignature), or wireless radio frequency technology such as RFID, NFC,Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 standards) technology. The UI device112 may communicate with the server 150 via a network such as theprocess control network 100. In other embodiments, the context ID device2402 may be in the UI device 112, and a device (e.g., a plc device) mayreceive a signal from the context ID device 2402 and report the locationof the UI device 112 to the server 150.

In any event, the server 150 may store context data 2410. The contextdata may include user profile data 1245 (relating to users/operators atthe plant), UI device profile data 2414 (relating to the registered UIdevices at the plant), field device profile data 2416 (relating to theinstalled devices at the plant), equipment profile data 2418 (relatinginstalled equipment at the plant), schedule data 2420 (relating to userand equipment/device schedules), and work item data 2422 (relating totasks or jobs at the plant). In some embodiments the field deviceprofile data 2416 may be included in the equipment profile data 2418.The user profile data 1245 may include skill set data, indicating askill level or level of responsibility associated with a particularuser. Work item data 2422 may include data such as a task ID(identifying a particular task), a skill threshold (identifying aminimum skill level or role/responsibility necessary to work on thetask), target equipment (the equipment associated with the task), andwork item progress (identifying how near to completion the task is).Each of the context items 1245 and 2414-2422 may include informationsuch as location or area (associated with a user, device, equipment,schedule, or work item, for example), status, related process entities,unique identifiers/tags, and/or permission information.

In operation of the context ID device 2402, the context ID device 2402may include a unique identifier or tag that may be read, scanned, orotherwise received at the UI device 112 when the UI device 112 entersthe range of the context ID device 2402. The range of the context IDdevice 2402 depends on the particular embodiment of the context IDdevice 2402, but may be as small as a few centimeters or less, as far asa kilometer or more, or some distance in between. In some embodiments,the context ID device 2402 may transmit the unique identifier to the UIdevice 112. In other instances, the context ID device 2402 may displayor otherwise provide the unique identifier so that it may be receivedand/or retrieved by the UI device 112.

In any event, the UI device 112 may receive the unique identifier andidentify a context item such as an area (i.e., a location, geographicarea, or region), equipment, device, work item, or available schedule inthe environment of the UI device 112 by correlating the uniqueidentifier to the context item. For example, the UI device 112 mayaccess a database, table, or data structure that pairs uniqueidentifiers to particular context items. Such a database or table mayexist at the UI device 112, at the context ID 2402, or at the server150. When the database or table exists at the server 150, the UI device112 may transmit the unique identifier to the server 150. The server 150may access a database, table, or some other data structure to identifythe context item associated with the unique identifier. The server 150may transmit data representing the context item to the UI device 112.

Once the UI device 112 has identified a context item, the UI device 112may provide output relevant to the identified context item. For example,the context item may indicate particular areas, devices, equipment, oralarms associated with an area. The UI device 112 may generate visualrepresentations, sound, or other output pertaining to the particulardevices, equipment, or alarms so that the user may be informed aboutprocess conditions in the process area. Likewise, there may be a numberof devices or alarms associated with an identified piece of equipment.The UI device 112 may provide information about the devices or alarmsassociated with a device (from the field device profile data 2416).Similarly, the context item may cause the UI device 112 to provideinformation related to equipment (from the equipment profile data 2418),schedules (from the schedule data 2420), or work items (from the workitem data 2422).

In certain embodiments, one or more process control devices in theprocess plant may be context ID devices 2402. In other embodiments, theone or more process control devices may include context ID devices 2402or be associated with nearby context ID devices 2402. For example, oneor more of the field devices 15-22 and/or 40-58 shown in FIG. 1A may be,may include, or may be positioned proximate to a context ID device 2402(e.g., the context ID device 2402 may be attached to or proximate toeach of the field devices, or the field devices may have internalcircuitry enabling the field devices to function as context ID devices).Similarly, the controller 11, gateway 35, UI device 112, I/O cards 26and 28, and router 58 shown in FIG. 1A may be, may include, or may beproximate to context ID devices 2402. In such embodiments, the UI device112 may receive the unique identifier associated with each of thecontext ID devices 2402, allowing the UI device 112 to receive a contextitem (such as location or equipment ID) associated with each of theprocess control devices.

In alternative embodiments of the context aware mobile control room2400, the UI device 112 may include or provide a unique identifier. Forexample, the UI device 112 may have a unique scannable image on thedevice or a chip that transmits unique identification data. In anotherexample, the user of the UI device 112 may carry a badge, card, or someother accessory including a similar image or chip. In such embodiments,the context ID device 2402 may read, scan, or otherwise receive theunique identifier. The context ID device 2402 may operate to associatethe unique identifier with a particular user or UI device 112. Thecontext ID device 2402 may associate the unique identifier with aparticular user or UI device by accessing a data structure stored at thecontext ID device 2402. Alternatively, the context ID device 2402 maytransmit the unique identifier to the server 150, where the server 150associates a particular user or UI device with the unique identifier.

In any event, once the context ID device 2402 has identified the UIdevice 112 or the user, the context ID device 2402 may transmit relevantcontext items to the UI device 112. Alternatively, the context ID device2402 may communicate with one or more nodes on a network such as theprocess control network 100 to notify the one or more nodes that theuser or the UI device 112 entered the range of the context ID device2402. The one or more nodes may transmit one or more context items, UIdata (e.g., display data, process parameter data), or any other data tothe UI device 112. The UI device 112 may operate or provide output basedon the received data. For example, in certain embodiments, the UI device112 may launch a target application in response to receiving the uniqueidentifier, the context item, the UI data, or other data from thecontext ID device 2402 or from the server 150. The target applicationmay be an application, for example, dedicated to providing processgraphics and information to the user. The target application may be amobile application, for example, operable on phone or tablet devices. Inother embodiments, the target application may be the browser routine888. In certain instances, the browser routine 888 may be directed to aparticular resource or group of resources pertaining to the receivedunique identifier, context item, UI data, or other data.

In some embodiments, the context ID devices 2402 may be part of apermission system. For example, permissions associated with a processentity may depend on the proximity of a UI device 112 to the processentity. In some embodiments a UI device 112 may receive permission orauthorization to modify a parameter associated with a process entitywhen the user or the UI device 112 are proximate to the process entity.The UI device 112 may also deny permission to engage in a work item ormodify a parameter when the user's skill level is below the indicatedskill threshold associated with the work item or parameter.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram of another embodiment of a mobile controlroom 2500 in a process plant 10. The context aware mobile control room2500 may enable the UI device 112 to provide output in response to itsenvironment and manner of use. The mobile control room 2500 may includethe UI device 112 communicatively coupled to the process control network100, including areas 2505-2515 and a tank 2520. The UI device 112 isconnected to the process control network 100. The area 2505 includes acontext ID device 2402 a; the area 2510 includes a context ID device2402 b; the process area 2515 includes a context ID device 2402 c; andthe tank 2520 includes a context ID device 2402 d.

In an embodiment, the context ID device 2402 a is, or includes, an NFCdevice. The UI device 112 and the context ID device 2402 a generallyoperate at 13.56 MHZ and may operate according to NFC standards such asISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 1809, NFCIP-1, NFCIP-2, and JIS:X6319-f. NFCtechnology enables wireless transactions and data exchanges between theUI device 112 and the context ID device 2402 a. NFC technology may alsobe used to automatically bootstrap other communication connections. Insuch an embodiment, the context ID device 2402 a may transmitinstructions to the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may receive andexecute the instructions, causing the UI device 112 to connect toanother network. In some embodiments, the other network may be a broadernetwork, such as the process control network 100, that includes othernodes. In certain embodiments, the other network may be connectionbetween the UI device 112 and the context ID device 2402 a. For example,the other network may be a wireless ad-hoc network or a personal areanetwork (e.g., Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.1 standards). In any event, inaddition to the network connection instructions, the context ID device2402 a may transmit authentication information to the UI device 112,allowing the UI device 112 to establish connection to a network withoutrequiring the user of the UI device 112 to manually set up the networkand enter authentication information.

In further operation of the context ID device 2402 a, the NFC tag ordevice at the context ID device 2402 a may also store other instructionsthat may be executed at the UI device 112. For example, the instructionsmay cause one or more applications to launch or execute in a particularmanner. In the depicted embodiment, the instructions may cause the UIdevice 112 to launch a UI (such as the UI routine 882 of FIG. 8) orbrowser (such as the browser routine 888 of FIG. 8), or to put the UI orbrowser into a certain state. The instructions may cause the UI device112 to provide a GUI configuration providing information pertaining tothe devices and equipment in the area 2505. For example, the GUIconfiguration may include a window with a graphical overview of theprocess area 2505.

In further operation of the context ID device 2402 a, the UI device 112may receive a unique identifier from the context ID device 2402 a via anNFC communication or via a network that the UI device 112 connected toafter receiving authentication information via an NFC communication. Theunique identifier generally represents the area 2505, but may representother context items in certain embodiments. The UI device 112 may usethe unique identifier to identify the context item (such as the area2505) and operate or provide output in accordance with the identifiedcontext item (e.g., providing a graphical overview of the area 2505).Alternatively, the context ID device 2402 a may receive a uniqueidentifier from the UI device 112 and identify the UI device 112 (or itsuser), allowing the context ID device 2402 a or another node on theprocess control network 100 to transmit data such as context data or UIdata to the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may operate or provideoutput based on the received data.

In an embodiment of the context ID device 2402 b, the context ID device2402 b is, or includes, an RFID tag. In such an embodiment, the UIdevice 112 includes an RFID scanner and uses the RFID scanner to obtaina unique identifier. The unique identifier generally represents the area2510, but may represent other context items (e.g., specific devices,equipment, locations, etc.) in certain embodiments. The UI device 112may use the unique identifier to identify the context item in a mannerconsistent with the methods discussed with regard to FIG. 24. In analternative embodiment, the context ID device 2402 b may be an RFIDscanner and the UI device 112 may include an RFID tag. In such anembodiment, the context ID device 2402 b identifies the UI device 112when the UI device 112 enters the range of the context ID device 2402 b(e.g., when the user enters the area 2510). After identifying the UIdevice 112, the context ID device 2402 b may communicate with the UIdevice 112 (e.g., using the process control network 100; using anothernetwork such as a personal area network; or using a display) andtransmit the unique identifier to the UI device 112 or to the server 150which may use the unique identifier to provide contextual information tothe UI device 112. The UI device 112 may identify the area 2510 in amanner consistent with the methods discussed with regard to FIG. 24 andoperate or provide output based on the identified area 2510. In anotherembodiment, the context ID device 2402 b may transmit the context item(rather than the unique identifier) to the UI device 112 (using, forexample, a short range wireless network communication such asBluetooth). In yet another embodiment, the user may have an RFID taginstead of or in addition to the UI device 112 having an RFID tag. Inany of these embodiments, both the RFID scanner and the RFID tag may beeither active or passive. The UI device 112 may operate or provideoutput based on the received data.

In operation of an embodiment of the context ID device 2402 c, thecontext ID device 2402 c may be a Wi-Fi access point with a rangecovering the process area 2515. When the UI device 112 enters theprocess area 2515, the context ID device 2402 c may establishcommunication with the UI device 112. The context ID device 2402 c maytransmit a unique identifier, such as a MAC address or device tag, tothe UI device 112. The unique identifier generally represents the area2515, but may represent other context items in certain embodiments. TheUI device 112 may use the unique identifier to identify the context item(such as data representing the area 2515) in a manner consistent withthe methods discussed with regard to FIG. 24, and to operate or provideoutput in accordance with the context item (e.g., providing a visualrepresentation of area 2515). For example, a database pairing MACaddresses or device tags to particular areas may be stored on the UIdevice 112, accessible by the UI device 112, or stored on a node incommunication with the UI device 112. Alternatively, the UI device 112may transmit a unique identifier, such as a MAC address of the UI device112, to the context ID device 2402 c. After receiving the uniqueidentifier, the context ID device 2402 c may operate to determine thatthe UI device 112 is associated with the unique identifier. The UIdevice 112 may operate or provide output based on the received data.

In an embodiment of the context ID device 2402 d, the context ID device2402 d may include a barcode. The barcode may be a matrix barcode (suchas a QR code) or a linear barcode (such as a UPC barcode). The UI device112 may include, or be in communication with, an image sensor, which maybe a camera or dedicated barcode scanner. In operation, the UI device112 may use the image sensor to capture the barcode at the context IDdevice 2402 d. The UI device 112 may decode the data encoded into thebarcode (“barcode data”). The barcode data generally includes a uniqueidentifier that represents the tank 2520 (or any other process controldevice or equipment to which it is affixed), though the uniqueidentifier may represent other context items in certain embodiments. TheUI device 112 may use the unique identifier to identify the context item(such as data representing the tank 2520) in a manner consistent withthe methods discussed with regard to FIG. 24, and to operate or provideoutput in accordance with the context item (e.g., providing a visualrepresentation of the tank 2520). In alternative embodiments, thebarcode may contain data or instructions that cause the UI device 112 totake certain actions, such as launching a browser or UI so that thebrowser or UI provide particular information. The particular informationmay relate to any of a number of process entities, such as processparameter data, graphics of certain items (such as the tank 2520), oralarm data for a particular device. In further embodiments, the UIdevice 112 or the user of the UI device 112 may alternatively oradditionally contain a barcode that is captured by the context ID device2402 d, allowing the context ID device 2402 d to identify the UI device112 or the user. A barcode at the UI device 112 may also provideinstructions that are executed at the context ID device 2402 d. Forexample, the barcode may cause the context ID device 2402 d to providerelevant information to the user or the UI device 112.

In some embodiments, the UI device 112 may identify the uniqueidentifier using other methods. For example, the UI device 112 may usean audio sensor to identify a unique identifier, where the uniqueidentifier is a sound signature (as noted regarding FIG. 24) associatedwith a plant area/asset. The sound signature may be associated with thenoise a particular plant area/asset produces during operation.Alternatively, the sound signature may be an audio signal generated byan audio output device associated with the asset. The UI device 112 mayalso use a motion sensor to identify the unique identifier. The uniqueidentifier may be a certain vibration level associated with a plantasset. For example, a user may place the UI device 112 on a plant asset,allowing the UI device 112 to detect the vibration level. In someinstances, a motion sensor may be used in conjunction with an identifiedimage/sound/location to identify a unique identifier. For example, basedon a detected vibration level associated with a plant asset and thelocation of the UI device 112, the UI device 112 may identify aparticular tag associated with the plant asset.

In some embodiments, the UI device 112 may identify its location byreceiving location data. The location data may be received via a networksuch as the process control network 100. Alternatively, the locationdata may be received via a GPS receiver at the network interface of theUI device 112. The UI device 112 may compare its location to thelocation of other process entities to identify process entitiesproximate to the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may transmit itslocation to a node on the process network 100, such as the server 150.In some embodiments, the node may respond by transmitting contextinformation to the UI device 112. In other embodiments, the UI device112 may transmit the location data to a context ID device 2402. Thecontext ID device 2402 may transmit context data to the UI device 112 inaccordance with the received location data.

The UI device 112 may cooperate with the context ID device(s) 2402 toprovide real-time location data of the UI device 112, in embodiments. Asa mobile operator carries a mobile UI device 112 through an environment,the UI device 112 may use the location information received from (or asa result of) the context ID devices 2402 to determine the currentlocation of the UI device 112 in the process plant, and may display acurrent map of the mobile operator's position in the environment. Themap may display the mobile operator's position from an overhead view, orin a three-dimensional perspective view. Of course, a desired orpredicted route may also be displayed on the mobile UI device 112.Alternatively, the UI device 112 may use one or more accelerometers todetermine the orientation and position of the device within theenvironment and cooperate with an image sensor on the UI device 112 todisplay an augmented reality view of the environment. For example, themobile operator may point the image sensor at an area of the processplant, and the UI device 112 may display a diagram of the equipment overthe image, may display a route to a desired piece of equipment (e.g.,equipment associated with a current work item), may display parameter orother process data associated with the area of the process plant, andthe like.

FIG. 26 is a diagram of an exemplary mobile control room 2600. Themobile control room 2600 may include a first UI device 2602 a, a secondUI device 2602 b, equipment 2610, and equipment 2620. The first UIdevice 2602 a may include a display providing a graphic 2615representing the equipment 2610, or other data related to the equipment2610 (e.g., current operating parameters, set points, alarms, errors,scheduled maintenance, calibration data, etc.). The second UI device2602 b may include a display providing a graphic 2625 representing theequipment 2620, or other data related to the equipment 2620 (e.g.,current operating parameters, set points, alarms, errors, scheduledmaintenance, calibration data, etc.). The equipment 2610 may include afirst context ID device 2604 a and the equipment 2620 may include asecond context ID device 2604 b.

In operation, an operator carrying the UI device 2602 a may enter anarea within the range of the context ID device 2604 a. The UI device2602 a may communicate with or scan the context ID device 2604 a,enabling the UI device 2602 a to receive data from the context ID device2604 a. The UI device 2602 a may operate or provide output in responseto the received data. In the depicted embodiment, the UI device 2602 amay provide the graphic 2615 representing the equipment 2610. In someembodiments the UI device 2602 a may provide alternative or additionaloutput, such as other graphics, process parameter values, or alarms. Theoperator carrying the UI device 2602 b may enter the range of thecontext ID device 2604 b, causing the UI device 2602 b to provide thegraphic 2625 representing the equipment 2620.

FIG. 27 is a flow chart depicting an exemplary method 2700 forgenerating a graphical user interface. The method 2700 may beimplemented, in whole or in part, at one or more devices or systems suchas any of the UI devices 112. The method 2700 may be saved as a set ofinstructions, routines, programs, or modules on the memory 815 and maybe executed by the processor 810.

The method 2700 begins with the UI device 112 identifying an externaldevice or identifier/tag (block 2705). The identifier may be an image,sound, or barcode. The identifier may alternatively be a unique tagassociated with a transmission by an NFC system or RFID system. In someembodiments, the identifier may be associated with a process entity,such as a process area, device, piece of equipment, or another UI device112.

The UI device 112 may receive context information based on theidentified external device or identifier (block 2710). The UI device 112may receive the context information from the identified external deviceor identifier, in some embodiments. In other embodiments, the UI device112 may receive the context information from the server 150, in responseto transmitting data representing the identifier to the server 150. Thecontext information may represent context items such as location,equipment, schedules, work items, etc.

The UI device 112 may provide information at the UI device 112 display(block 2715). The information may be provided in accordance withreceived context information. For example, the UI device 112 maygenerate information relevant to a received location, identifiedequipment or devices, received schedules, or received work items.

Turning now to FIG. 28, a flow chart depicts an exemplary method 2800,executing on a UI device 112, for controlling the process plant 10 withthe UI device 112. The method 2800 may be implemented, in whole or inpart, at one or more networks or systems such as the process controlnetwork 100. In particular, the method 2800 may be implemented, in wholeor in part, at one or more devices or systems such as the server 150 orat one or more devices or systems such as any of the UI devices 112. Themethod 2800 may be saved as a set of instructions, routines, programs,or modules on the memory 815 or the memory 1203, and may be executed bythe processor 810 or the processor 1201.

The method begins with a UI device 112 that may transmit, to the server150 via a network, a first request for first data from a data storagearea (block 2805). The data storage area may be a unitary, logical datastorage area including one or more devices configured to store, using acommon format, process data corresponding to the process plant. Theprocess data may include multiple types of process data such asconfiguration data, continuous data, batch data, measurement data, andevent data.

The UI device 112 may receive, from the server 150 and in response tothe first request, the first data from the storage area (block 2810).The UI device 112 may display the first data received from the server150 (block 2815).

The UI device 112 may receive an indication that the UI device 112 is inproximity to an external device (block 2820). The UI device 112 mayinclude a communication circuit that operates to detect the proximity ofexternal devices. The communication circuit may include a near fieldcommunication (NFC) circuit, a radio frequency identification (RFIDcircuit, a Bluetooth circuit, a circuit operating according to the IEEE802.11 protocol, or a circuit operating according to the Wireless HARTprotocol. In some instances, the UI device 112 may receive an indicationthat the UI device 112 is in proximity to an additional UI device 112.

The UI device 112 may transmit, to the server 150, a second request forsecond data according to the received indications (block 2825). In someembodiments, transmitting the second request includes transmitting, tothe server 150, a request for state information of the additional UIdevice 112.

The UI device 112 may receive, from the server 150 and in response tothe second request, second data (block 2830). In some embodiments, thesecond data may represent requested state information of the additionalUI device 112. In such embodiments, the UI device 112 may also displayprocess control data from the storage area according to the receivedstate information. Displaying the process control data may includeduplicating, on the display of the UI device 112, the display of theadditional UI device 112. Displaying the process control data mayinclude arranging, on the display of the UI device 112, the datadisplayed on the additional UI device 112.

In other embodiments, receiving the proximity indication (block 1720)may comprise receiving an indication that the UI device 112 is inproximity to a process control device. Transmitting the second request(block 2825) may include transmitting, to the server 150, an indicationthat the UI device 112 is in proximity to the process control device. Insuch embodiments, receiving second data may include receiving processcontrol data related to the process control device (block 2830).Receiving process control data related to the process control device maycomprise receiving and displaying data of one or more of: an alarmassociated with the process control device; a maintenance taskassociated with the process control device; a diagrammatic depiction ofthe area of the process plant associated with the process controldevice; or a status of an area of the process plant associated with theprocess control device.

In some embodiments, receiving the proximity indication (block 2820) maycomprise receiving an indication that the mobile device is in aparticular area of the process plant. In such embodiments, transmittinga second request (block 2825) may include transmitting, to the server150, an indication that the UI device 112 is in the particular area ofthe plant. Furthermore, receiving the second data (block 2830) mayinclude receiving second process control data related to the particulararea of the process plant. Receiving process control data related to theparticular area may comprise receiving and displaying data of one ormore of: an alarm associated with the particular area of the processplant; a maintenance task associated with the particular area of theprocess plant; a diagrammatic depiction of the particular area of theprocess plant; or a status of one or more process control devicesassociated with the particular area.

In certain embodiments, the UI device 112 may not be in communicationwith the server 150, but may be in communication with equipment in aparticular area. For example, the UI device 112 may be proximate to aparticular piece of process equipment in an area of the process plant,and may be able to communicate, directly or via an intermediary device(e.g., via a router or other access point that is part of a wirelessnetwork), with one or more devices (that are not the server 150) in thearea of the process plant. This may be the case, for example, if theserver 150 is unavailable, or if the area of the process plant isisolated physically or logically from the server 150. In any event, theUI device 112 may transmit data or requests directly to and/or receivedata directly from devices in the area of the process plant. Forexample, the UI device 112 can transmit a request for data directly toanother device (instead of to the server 150) via a network, can receivedata from the device in response to the request, can display thereceived data, can receive an indication that the UI device 112 isproximate to an external device, etc.

A flow chart depicting a method 2900 for facilitating mobile control ofa process plant is provided in FIG. 29. The method 2900 includesimplementing a mobile user interface device (block 2905) and providingin the mobile user interface device a location awareness componentoperable to generate information pertaining to the location of themobile device (block 2910). The method 2900 also includes providing adatabase storing layout information of the process plant (block 2915)and implementing on the mobile user interface device a first routine(block 2920). The first routine may be operable to interpret informationgenerated by the location awareness component according to informationstored in the database to determine a relationship between the locationof the mobile user interface device and the layout of the process plant.The mobile user interface device may also implement a second routineoperable to generate a graphic for depiction on the display according tothe determined relationship between the location of the mobile deviceand the layout of the process plant (block 2925). In embodiments,providing a database storing layout information may include providingthe database storing layout information in from an overhead perspectiveor may include providing the database storing layout information from aneye-level perspective. The layout information may include, for eachprocess device, a device tag, a device visualization (e.g., one or morevisualizations, each corresponding to a mobile user interface devicetype or a mobile user interface device display type), a device location,and device connection information. The location aware component may be,for example, a GPS receiver, an RFID reader, an RFID tag and acommunication channel between the mobile user interface device and aserver providing data to the mobile user interface device, a pluralityof sensors (e.g., accelerometers and gyroscopes) operable to determine,relative to an anchor point, the movement and position of the mobileuser interface device, etc. Implementing the second routine includes, insome embodiments, implementing a routine operable to generate areal-time graphic of the location of the mobile user interface devicewithin the process plant as the mobile user interface device moveswithin the process plant. Generating a real-time graphic of the locationof the mobile user interface device may include depicting on a displaythe location of the mobile user interface device from an overheadperspective, or depicting on a display the location of the mobile userinterface device in three dimensions from an eye-level perspective.

As should by now be evident, the UI devices 112 and, in someembodiments, the control network 100 may be aware of various contextualinformation including, importantly, the location of one or more of theUI devices 112 in the process plant 10. Various methods for the controlnetwork 100 (including the server 150) or the UI devices 112 todetermine the location of a device have been described. For example, theUI devices 112 may cooperate with context ID devices 2402 and/or theserver 150 to determine the location of a UI device 112. The UI devices112 may also include the GPS receivers 832 that allow the UI device 112to determine its location by receiving signals from GPS satellites, asgenerally understood. In some embodiments, however, one or more of theUI devices 112 may also include the inertial positioning system (IPS)834. The IPS 834 may assume the form of discrete components or anintegrated circuit. In at least one embodiment, the IPS 834 is anintegrated circuit including a high-precision clock circuit, threeaccelerometers (one in each of the x-, y-, and z-axes), and threegyroscopes (one in each of the x-, y-, and z-axes). In some embodiments,the IPS 834 also includes a compass or magnetometer.

In any event, the IPS 834 may operate to detect the movement andorientation of the UI device 112 in which it is present, and to provideinformation regarding the distance and direction that the device ismoving or has moved. By combining the information about the detectedmovement and orientation of the UI device 112 with another source ofinformation indicating an initial position (an “anchor point”) of the UIdevice 112, it is possible for the UI device 112 to determine itsposition independently of any continuing source of information. Forexample, a UI device 112 carried by an operator may have a GPS receiver,and may track the position of the UI device 112 as the operator movesthrough an outdoor environment toward an indoor environment. As theoperator crosses the boundary between the outdoor and indoorenvironments, the UI device 112 and, in particular, the GPS receiver832, will likely lose the GPS signal. The UI device 112 may use the lastknown location of the UI device 112, determined using the GPS receiver832, as an anchor point. From the anchor point, the UI device 112 maydetermine the distance and direction that the UI device 112 has moved inthe indoor environment. Using this information, the UI device 112,routines operating on the UI device 112, and potentially other devices(e.g., the server 150, the supervisor engine 106, etc.), may continue totrack the position of the UI device 112. The UI device 112 may continueto provide to the operator a depiction of the operator's position in theindoor environment, may provide to the operator navigational directionsto a particular plant asset (e.g., to a particular piece of equipment),may take or recommend action based on the operator's location within theplant, and so on.

It is noted that the GPS receiver 832 is not the only source ofinformation that can provide an anchor point for use in combination withthe IPS 834. Any of the context ID devices 2402 may also cooperate withthe UI device 112 to determine an anchor point. For example, as theoperator crosses the boundary between the outdoor and indoorenvironments, a context ID device 2402 at the threshold (e.g., an NFCdevice on a door frame) may communicate with the UI device 112 toestablish the position of the UI device 112 and provide an anchor point.As another example, the operator may use the UI device 112 to scan orotherwise interact with a context ID device 2402 (e.g., an RFID tag, anNFC chip, a barcode, etc.) at any known, fixed position in the processplant (e.g., on a process device, near a particular plant area, etc.) toprovide an anchor point.

The UI device 112 may use the anchor point and information provided bythe IPS 834 to depict on the display of the UI device 112 the locationof the UI device 112 in the process plant or other environment. Inembodiments, this includes depicting the location on a floor plan of theprocess plant, depicting the location on a 3D map of the process plant,depicting the location on a schematic diagram of the process plant, etc.Alternatively or additionally, the UI device 112 may providenavigational information to direct the operator to a desired location inthe process plant (e.g., to a location associated with an assigned workitem, to a selected location, to a device associated with an error oralarm, etc.). In some embodiments, the UI device 112 may providenavigational or position information to guide an operator to otherpersonnel in the plant environment. This may be useful, for example,when trying to locate injured personnel or personnel requestingassistance with a task.

Each UI device 112 having location data, whether provided by GPS data,IPS data, or cooperation with context ID devices 2402, may provide thelocation of the UI device 112 to the control system and, in particular,to the server 150 and/or the supervisor engine 106. In some embodiments,the presence of the UI device 112 in a particular area may cause theserver 150, the supervisor engine 106, or the UI device 112 to disableone or more features of the UI device 112. For example, the microphone842 and/or the camera 844 may be disabled when the UI device 112 is in aan area where the privacy of the operator might be important (e.g., in awashroom) or where security considerations require it.

Likewise, various control aspects of the process plant may, in someembodiments, be altered by the presence of personnel in an area. Forexample, certain safety systems may have a first threshold when nopersonnel are present in an area, and a second, more conservativethreshold when personnel are present in the area. In this manner, thesafety of personnel may be improved.

FIG. 30 is a flow chart depicting a method 3000 for determining aposition of a mobile device within a process control environment. Themethod 3000 includes acquiring an anchor position within a process plant(block 3005) and determining the anchor position according to theacquired data (block 3010). The method also includes receiving fromcircuitry of the mobile device data indicative of acceleration andorientation of the mobile device (block 3015) and determining a positionof the mobile device according to the received data and the anchorposition (block 3020). In embodiments, acquiring data indicating ananchor position includes determining a position of the mobile deviceusing a global satellite positioning system such as GPS, GLONASS, or anyother satellite position system. Acquiring data indicating an anchorposition includes acquiring an image (e.g., an image of a bar code, animage of a portion of the process plant, etc.) in some embodiments.Where an image of a portion of the process plant is acquired, forexample, the captured image may be compared with a database ofgeolocated images (i.e., images associated with a corresponding physicallocation). The data of indicating the anchor position could also includedata of one or more wireless signals, such as signals conforming to anIEEE 802.11 specification, acquiring data form an RFID device,establishing a Bluetooth connection, or establishing a near fieldcommunication session. Acquiring data indicative of the anchor positioncould also include ascertaining a process control device near the mobiledevice and receiving or retrieving from memory (or from a remotedatabase) information associated with the position of the processcontrol device.

Receiving data indicative of acceleration and orientation of the mobiledevice includes receiving data from one or more accelerometers and fromone or more gyroscopes, receiving data from a magnetometer. Receivingdata from an inertial measurement unit, and/or receiving data form andevice that includes three accelerometers and three gyroscopes, invarious embodiments. In some embodiments, the method also includeslaunching an application of the mobile device based, at least in part,on the determined position of the mobile device, wherein the applicationis operable to modify the operation of the process plant.

Turning to FIG. 31, a flow chart depicts a method 3100 for contextualoperation of a mobile device in a process control environment. Themethod includes acquiring at the mobile device information to identify aprocess entity in the process control environment (block 3105). Theprocess entity can be any process entity in the process plant including,but not limited to, an area of the process plant, a process controldevice, a controller, and the like. The method also includes identifyingat the mobile device work item data associated with the process entity(block 3110). The work item data includes information regarding a targetfunction associated with the process entity. An event at the mobiledevice is automatically triggered to facilitate implementing the targetfunction associated with the process entity in response to the acquiredinformation and the identified work item data (block 3115). The targetfunction may be a scheduled task associated with the process entity. Inembodiments, triggering an event at the mobile device comprises at leastone of causing the mobile device to provide instructions relevant toexecuting the scheduled task, causing the mobile device to displaysafety information (e.g., the materials in a process control device,whether the process control device has been deactivated and/or lockedout, whether residual material is detectable, etc.), causing the mobiledevice to launch an application for executing the scheduled task, orcausing the mobile device to provide an interface for carrying out thescheduled task. The target function may be, in some embodiments, apermission verification function associated with the process entity. Theevent automatically triggered may be identifying a user identificationassociated with the user operating the mobile device, identifying apermission token associated with the process entity, determining apermission level based on the user identification and the permissiontoken, and providing an interface for modifying parameters associatedwith the process entity to the extent indicated by the permission level.The permission level may indicate the extent to which the user ispermitted to modify parameters associated with the process controlentity. The target function associated with the process entity couldalso be an alarm inspection function, and triggering an event couldinclude identifying the alarm and providing an indication of the alarm.The target function could be a location determination function, and theautomatically triggered event could be a determination of a locationassociated with the process control entity and the provision of a mapgraphic that displays a location of the process entity within theprocess control environment. In embodiments, acquiring information toidentify a process entity includes acquiring one or more data tags fromone or more corresponding identification devices having a fixed spatialrelationship relevant to a process entity in the process controlenvironment and comprising a unique identifier. In embodiments, thecontext identification device is a barcode and acquiring the tag datacomprises capturing an image of the barcode and analyzing the barcode toidentify tag data. The context identification device may be a radiotransmitter, and acquiring the tag data may include detecting aradio-frequency signal, emitted by the radio transmitter, carrying thetag data. The radio transmitter may be an NFC device, an RFID device ora personal area network device transmitting short-wavelength radiotransmissions. Acquiring information to identify a process entity in theprocess control environment includes capturing an image uniquelyassociated with the process entity, in embodiments. Acquiringinformation may also include capturing an audio signal and determiningthat the audio signal is correlated to the process entity. Similarly,acquiring information may include detecting a movement patternassociated with a process entity.

Analysis of Physical Phenomena

The UI devices 112 may cooperate with the expert system 104 and the bigdata appliance 102, in embodiments, to analyze data related to physicalphenomena. The physical phenomena that may be analyzed include (withoutlimitation) phenomena related to light in the visible and non-visiblespectra (e.g., flame color in the visible and infrared spectra) andphenomena related to vibration in the audible, sub-audible, andsuper-audible range (e.g., sound and other vibrations). Personnelcarrying a UI device 112 equipped with a camera, accelerometers, amicrophone, or other equipment may be used to capture and/or record datarelated to the physical phenomenon. A camera, for example, may sense andrecord an image in the visible or, in certain embodiments, in theinfrared or other spectra. A microphone may sense and/or record audible,sub-audible, and/or super-audible vibrations communicated by air.Accelerometers may sense and/or record vibrations when the UI device 112is placed against a piece of equipment. Any and/or all of these types ofdata may be sent from the UI device 112 to the expert system 104 toanalyze and/or compare to data in the big data appliance 102.

A method 3200 for analyzing physical phenomena in a process plant isdepicted in FIG. 32. The method 3200 includes detecting, in a mobiledevice, a physical phenomenon in the process plant (block 3205).Detecting the physical phenomenon may include detecting a visual scene,detecting a sound, and/or detecting a vibration, in various embodiments.By way of example and not limitation, detecting the physical phenomenonmay include detecting a visual scene including a flame, a soundassociated with a combustion chamber, a sound associated with movementof a fluid, an image or video of a stack top, and/or a vibrationassociated with a rotating element, in various embodiments.

The method 3200 also includes converting, in the mobile device, thedetected physical phenomenon to digital data representative of thephysical phenomenon (block 3210). That is, taking the detected physicalphenomenon (the visual scene, the sound, the vibration, etc.) andconverting it to digital data, for example, in the form of a digitalimage, a digital video, a digital sound file, or a digitalrepresentation of the detected vibration. Further, the method 3200includes transmitting the digital data to an expert system (block 3215)and analyzing the digital data in the expert system to determine a stateof one or more process elements (block 3220). By way of example: wherethe detected physical phenomenon is a visual scene of a flame, analyzingthe data may include analyzing the colors associated with one or moreportions of the flame, analyzing the shape of the flame, and/oranalyzing the movement of the flame; where the detected physicalphenomenon is a sound or a vibration associated with movement of afluid, analyzing the data may include detecting a cavitation associatedwith the fluid movement; where the detected physical phenomenon is avisual scene of a stack top, analyzing the data may include analyzing acolor or volume of smoke emitted.

The method 3200 may also include, in various embodiments, detecting anabnormal condition associated with the one or more process elements,determining from the digital data a cause of the abnormal condition,automatically initiating a change to one or more process controlparameters to correct the abnormal condition, automatically creating awork item to cause personnel to take action to correct the abnormalcondition, providing to an operator an indication of a corrective actionto be taken to resolve the abnormal condition, and/or determining a fuelcomposition associated with a flame or combustion chamber.

The following additional considerations apply to the foregoingdiscussion. Throughout this specification, actions described asperformed by the server 150, the UI device 112, or any other device orroutine generally refer to actions or processes of a processormanipulating or transforming data according to machine-readableinstructions. The machine-readable instructions may be stored on andretrieved from a memory device communicatively coupled to the processor.That is, methods described herein may be embodied by a set ofmachine-executable instructions stored on a computer readable medium(i.e., on a memory device). The instructions, when executed by one ormore processors of a corresponding device (e.g., a server, a mobiledevice, etc.), cause the processors to execute the method. Whereinstructions, routines, modules, processes, services, programs, and/orapplications are referred to herein as stored or saved on a computerreadable memory or on a computer readable medium, the words “stored” and“saved” are intended to exclude transitory signals.

User interface devices are referred to interchangeably in thisspecification as “UI devices” and “mobile UI devices.” While, in mostinstances, these devices are referred to simply as “UI devices,” incertain descriptions, the term “mobile” is added to indicate that, in aparticular example use, the UI device may be a mobile UI device. The useor absence of the term “mobile” should not be considered limiting, asthe concepts described herein may apply to any and all UI devices thatcan be used in the process plant environment.

Though many of the examples herein refer to browsers displayinginformation, each of the examples contemplates the use of nativeapplications communicating with a server to provide information. Thenative applications may be designed for any mobile platform, for anyworkstation operating system, or any combination of mobile platformsand/or workstation operating systems and/or web browers. For example, amobile UI device may run on the Android™ platform while a cooperatingstationary UI device (e.g., a workstation) may run on the Windows® 7platform.

Further, while the terms “operator,” “personnel,” “person,” “user,”“technician,” and like other terms are used to describe persons in theprocess plant environment that may use or interact with the systems,apparatus, and methods described herein, these terms are not intended tobe limiting. As can be appreciated from the foregoing description, thesystems, apparatus, and methods described herein may have the benefit oreffect of freeing plant personnel, to some extent, from the traditionalboundaries of process control systems. That is, operators may undertakesome activities traditionally engaged in by technicians, technicians mayparticipate in activities traditionally reserved to the operators, andthe like. Where a particular term is used in the description, the termis used, in part, because of the traditional activities in which plantpersonnel engage, but is not intended to limit the personnel that couldbe engaging in that particular activity.

Additionally, throughout this specification, plural instances mayimplement components, operations, or structures described as a singleinstance. Although individual operations of one or more methods areillustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of theindividual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothingrequires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated.Structures and functionality presented as separate components in exampleconfigurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component.Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single componentmay be implemented as separate components. These and other variations,modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of thesubject matter herein.

Unless specifically stated otherwise, discussions herein using wordssuch as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,”“identifying,” “presenting,” “displaying,” or the like may refer toactions or processes of a machine (e.g., a computer) that manipulates ortransforms data represented as physical (e.g., electronic, magnetic, oroptical) quantities within one or more memories (e.g., volatile memory,non-volatile memory, or a combination thereof), registers, or othermachine components that receive, store, transmit, or displayinformation.

When implemented in software, any of the applications, services, andengines described herein may be stored in any tangible, non-transitorycomputer readable memory such as on a magnetic disk, a laser disk, solidstate memory device, molecular memory storage device, or other storagemedium, in a RAM or ROM of a computer or processor, etc. Although theexample systems disclosed herein are disclosed as including, among othercomponents, software and/or firmware executed on hardware, it should benoted that such systems are merely illustrative and should not beconsidered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that any or allof these hardware, software, and firmware components could be embodiedexclusively in hardware, exclusively in software, or in any combinationof hardware and software. Accordingly, persons of ordinary skill in theart will readily appreciate that the examples provided are not the onlyway to implement such systems.

Thus, while the present invention has been described with reference tospecific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not tobe limiting of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinaryskill in the art that changes, additions or deletions may be made to thedisclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

Aspects

The following aspects of the disclosure are exemplary only and notintended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

1. A computer-implemented, automated method of assigning tasks topersonnel in a process plant, the method executed by a supervisor moduleand comprising: receiving data from an expert system; creating a workitem specifying a task according to the data received from the expertsystem; selecting a person to execute the task specified in the workitem; sending the work item to a device associated with the selectedperson; and receiving an indication that the selected person hasaccepted the work item.

2. A method according to aspect 1, wherein receiving data from an expertsystem comprises receiving data indicating a trend associated with aprocess parameter.

3. A method according to either aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein receivingdata from an expert system comprises receiving data indicating apredicted problem in the process plant.

4. A method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein receivingdata from an expert system comprises receiving a request to provide theexpert system with a parameter value.

5. A method according to aspect 4, wherein creating a work itemspecifying a task according to the data received from the expert systemcomprises creating a work item in which the specified task is to observeand record a parameter value that is not transmitted automatically froma device that senses the parameter.

6. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereinreceiving data from an expert system comprises receiving an instructionto perform a particular action with respect to a process control device.

7. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereincreating a work item specifying a task according to the data receivedfrom the expert system comprises creating a work item in which thespecified task is to perform a maintenance task, a calibration task, areplacement task, an inspection task, or a repair task.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereincreating a work item specifying a task comprises creating a work itemspecifying a task also comprises specifying an equipment target relatedto the specified task.

9. A method according to aspect 8, wherein selecting a person to executethe task specified in the work item comprises selecting a personaccording to location data received from a device associated with theselected person.

10. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, furthercomprising creating and storing a permission token associated with thespecified task, associated with a process control device associated withthe specified task, or both, wherein the permission token is required inorder for the selected person to perform the specified task on theprocess control device associated with the specified task.

11. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereinselecting a person to execute the task specified in the work itemcomprises selecting a person according to (1) (i) the task specified inthe work item, (ii) a process control device associated with thespecified task, or (iii) both, and (2) a plurality of personnel profilesaccessible by the supervisor module.

12. A method according to aspect 11, wherein selecting a personaccording to a plurality of personnel profiles accessible by thesupervisor module comprises selecting a person according to a skill set,a role, a certification, or a credential.

13. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereinreceiving data from an expert system comprises receiving an instructionto perform at least one of the following actions: (i) observe and recorda parameter; (ii) inspect a process control device; (iii) calibrate aprocess control device; (iv) record an audio sample; (v) capture animage or a video; (vi) perform maintenance on a process control device;(vii) repair a process control device; (viii) replace a process controldevice; or (ix) adjust a process control parameter.

14. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereincreating a work item comprises creating a work item specifying a taskand an equipment target related to the specified task, and furtherspecifying at least one of the following: (i) tools or equipmentnecessary to perform the specified task; (ii) a priority level for thework item; (iii) a required skill set necessary to perform the specifiedtask; (iv) a required start time and/or date; or (v) a requiredcompletion time and/or date.

15. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, furthercomprising scheduling the execution of the work item.

16. A method according to aspect 15, wherein scheduling the execution ofthe work item comprises scheduling the execution of the work itemaccording to at least one of the following: (i) a scheduled routethrough the process plant associated with the selected person; (ii) ascheduled delivery of input materials for a process executed by theprocess plant; (iii) a scheduled delivery of a product produced by theprocess plant; (iv) predicted weather conditions; (v) a scheduledshipping time of a product produced by the process plant; (vi) apredicted or scheduled completion time of a process of the processplant; or (vii) a predicted or scheduled arrival of tools, equipment, orparts necessary to complete the specified task.

17. A method according to any one of the preceding aspects, whereinselecting a person to execute the task specified in the work itemcomprises storing the work item in a database from which personnelselect a work item to execute.

18. A method according to aspect 17, wherein selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item further comprises: receivingfrom a device associated with a person a request to execute the workitem; and comparing a profile associated with the person to informationstored in the work item to determine whether the person is qualified toexecute the work item.

19. A computer readable storage medium storing instructions, executableon a processor, to cause the processor to: receive data from an expertsystem; create a work item specifying a task according to the datareceived from the expert system; select a person to execute the taskspecified in the work item; send the work item to a device associatedwith the selected person; and receive an indication that the selectedperson has accepted the work item.

20. A computer readable storage medium according to aspect 19, whereinthe instructions operable to cause the processor to create a work itemspecifying a task according to the data received from the expert systemcomprise instructions operable to cause the processor to create a workitem in which the specified task is to perform a maintenance task, acalibration task, a replacement task, an inspection task, or a repairtask.

21. A computer readable storage medium according to either aspect 19 oraspect 20, wherein the instructions operable to cause the processor tocreate a work item specifying a task comprise instructions operable tocause the processor to specify an equipment target related to thespecified task.

22. A computer readable storage medium according to aspect 21, whereinthe instructions operable to cause the processor to select a person toexecute the task specified in the work item comprise instructionsoperable to cause the processor to select a person according to locationdata received from a device associated with the selected person.

23. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 22, further comprising instructions operable to cause theprocessor to create and store a permission token associated with thespecified task, associated with a process control device associated withthe specified task, or both, wherein the permission token is required inorder for the selected person to perform the specified task on theprocess control device associated with the specified task.

24. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 23, wherein the instructions operable to cause the processor toselect a person to execute the task specified in the work item compriseinstructions operable to cause the processor to select a personaccording to (1) (i) the task specified in the work item, (ii) a processcontrol device associated with the specified task, or (iii) both, and(2) a plurality of personnel profiles accessible by the supervisormodule.

25. A computer readable storage medium according to aspect 24, whereinthe instructions operable to cause the processor to select a personaccording to a plurality of personnel files comprise instructionsoperable to cause the processor to select a person according to a skillset, a role, a certification, or a credential.

26. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 25, wherein the instructions operable to cause the processor toreceive data from the expert system comprise instructions operable tocause the processor to receive an instruction to generate a work itemfor one of the following actions: (i) observe and record a parameter;(ii) inspect a process control device; (iii) calibrate a process controldevice; (iv) record an audio sample; (v) capture an image or a video;(vi) perform maintenance on a process control device; (vii) repair aprocess control device; (viii) replace a process control device; or (ix)adjust a process control parameter.

27. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 26, wherein the instructions operable to cause the processor tocreate a work item comprise instructions operable to cause the processorto create a work item specifying a task and an equipment target relatedto the specified task, and further to specify at least one of thefollowing: (i) tools or equipment necessary to perform the specifiedtask; (ii) a priority level for the work item; (iii) a required skillset necessary to perform the specified task; (iv) a required start timeand/or date; or (v) a required completion time and/or date.

28. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 27, further comprising instructions operable to cause theprocessor to schedule the execution of the work item.

29. A computer readable storage medium according to aspect 28, whereinthe instructions operable to cause the processor to schedule theexecution of the work item comprise instructions operable to cause theprocessor to schedule the execution of the work item according to atleast one of the following: (i) a scheduled route through the processplant associated with the selected person; (ii) a scheduled delivery ofinput materials for a process executed by the process plant; (iii) ascheduled delivery of a product produced by the process plant; (iv)predicted weather conditions; (v) a scheduled shipping time of a productproduced by the process plant; (vi) a predicted or scheduled completiontime of a process of the process plant; or (vii) a predicted orscheduled arrival of tools, equipment, or parts necessary to completethe specified task.

30. A computer readable storage medium according to any one of aspects19 to 29, wherein the instructions operable to cause the processor toselect a person to execute the task specified in the work item compriseinstructions operable to store the work item in a database from whichpersonnel select a work item to execute.

31. A computer readable storage medium according to aspect 30, whereinthe instructions operable to cause the processor to select a person toexecute the task specified in the work item further compriseinstructions operable to cause the processor to: receive from a deviceassociated with a person a request to execute the work item; and comparea profile associated with the person to information stored in the workitem to determine whether the person is qualified to execute the workitem.

32. A process control system comprising: a plurality of process controldevices; a big data historian storing sensor and parameter data of theprocess control system; an expert system coupled to the big datahistorian and operable to analyze the data stored by the big datahistorian; and a supervisor module coupled to the expert system andoperable to assign tasks to personnel in the process plant, thesupervisor engine configured to: receive data from the expert system;create a work item specifying a task according to the data received fromthe expert system; select a person to execute the task specified in thework item; send the work item to a device associated with the selectedperson; and receive an indication that the selected person has acceptedthe work item.

33. A system according to aspect 32, wherein receiving data from theexpert system comprises receiving data indicating a trend associatedwith a process parameter.

34. A system according to either aspect 32 or aspect 33, whereinreceiving data from the expert system comprises receiving dataindicating a predicted problem in the process plant.

35. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 34, wherein receivingdata from the expert system comprises receiving a request to provide theexpert system with a parameter value.

36. A system according to aspect 35, wherein creating a work itemspecifying a task according to the data received from the expert systemcomprises creating a work item in which the specified task is to observeand record a parameter value that is not transmitted automatically froma device that senses the parameter.

37. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 36, wherein receivingdata from the expert system comprises receiving an instruction toperform a particular action with respect to a process control device.

38. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 37, wherein creatinga work item specifying a task according to the data received from theexpert system comprises creating a work item in which the specified taskis to perform a maintenance task, a calibration task, a replacementtask, an inspection task, or a repair task.

39. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 38, wherein creatinga work item specifying a task comprises creating a work item specifyinga task also comprises specifying an equipment target related to thespecified task.

40. A system according to aspect 39, wherein selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item comprises selecting a personaccording to location data received from a device associated with theselected person.

41. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 40, the supervisormodule further operable to create and store a permission tokenassociated with the specified task, associated with a process controldevice associated with the specified task, or both, wherein thepermission token is required in order for the selected person to performthe specified task on the process control device associated with thespecified task.

42. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 41, wherein selectinga person to execute the task specified in the work item comprisesselecting a person according to (1) (i) the task specified in the workitem, (ii) a process control device associated with the specified task,or (iii) both, and (2) a plurality of personnel profiles accessible bythe supervisor module.

43. A system according to aspect 42, wherein selecting a personaccording to a plurality of personnel profiles accessible by thesupervisor module comprises selecting a person according to a skill set,a role, a certification, or a credential.

44. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 43, wherein receivingdata from the expert system comprises receiving an instruction toperform at least one of the following actions: (i) observe and record aparameter; (ii) inspect a process control device; (iii) calibrate aprocess control device; (iv) record an audio sample; (v) capture animage or a video; (vi) perform maintenance on a process control device;(vii) repair a process control device; (viii) replace a process controldevice; or (ix) adjust a process control parameter.

45. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 44, wherein creatinga work item comprises creating a work item specifying a task and anequipment target related to the specified task, and further specifyingat least one of the following: (i) tools or equipment necessary toperform the specified task; (ii) a priority level for the work item;(iii) a required skill set necessary to perform the specified task; (iv)a required start time and/or date; or (v) a required completion timeand/or date.

46. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 45, wherein thesupervisor module is further operable to schedule the execution of thework item.

47. A system according to aspect 46, wherein scheduling the execution ofthe work item comprises scheduling the execution of the work itemaccording to at least one of the following: (i) a scheduled routethrough the process plant associated with the selected person; (ii) ascheduled delivery of input materials for a process executed by theprocess plant; (iii) a scheduled delivery of a product produced by theprocess plant; (iv) predicted weather conditions; (v) a scheduledshipping time of a product produced by the process plant; (vi) apredicted or scheduled completion time of a process of the processplant; or (vii) a predicted or scheduled arrival of tools, equipment, orparts necessary to complete the specified task.

48. A system according to any one of aspects 32 to 47, wherein selectinga person to execute the task specified in the work item comprisesstoring the work item in a database from which personnel select a workitem to execute.

49. A system according to aspect 48, wherein selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item further comprises: receivingfrom a device associated with a person a request to execute the workitem; and comparing a profile associated with the person to informationstored in the work item to determine whether the person is qualified toexecute the work item.

We claim:
 1. A computer-implemented, automated method of assigning tasksto personnel in a process plant, the method executed by a supervisormodule and comprising: receiving, from an expert system coupled to a bigdata historian, data indicating a process parameter related to operationof the process plant, the expert system operable to analyze sensor andparameter data stored by the big data historian; creating a work itemspecifying a target equipment within the process plant and amaintenance, repair, or diagnostic task to be performed on the targetequipment according to the data indicating the process parameter;selecting a person to execute the maintenance, repair, or diagnostictask specified in the work item according to a personnel profileaccessible by the supervisor module that specifies a skill set, a role,a certification, or a credential; sending the work item to a mobilecontrol device associated with the selected person, the mobile controldevice operable to communicate with a controller controlling the processplant to perform control actions in the process plant; and receiving anindication that the selected person has accepted the work item.
 2. Amethod according to claim 1, wherein receiving data from an expertsystem comprises receiving data indicating a trend associated with theprocess parameter.
 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein receivingdata from an expert system comprises receiving data indicating theprocess parameter correlated with a predicted problem in the processplant.
 4. A method according to claim 1, wherein receiving data from anexpert system comprises receiving a request to provide the expert systemwith a parameter value.
 5. A method according to claim 4, whereincreating a work item specifying a maintenance, repair, or diagnostictask according to the data received from the expert system comprisescreating a work item in which the specified maintenance, repair, ordiagnostic task is to observe and record a parameter value that is nottransmitted automatically from a device that senses the parameter.
 6. Amethod according to claim 1, wherein receiving data from an expertsystem comprises receiving an instruction to perform a particular actionwith respect to a process control device.
 7. A method according to claim1, wherein creating a work item specifying a maintenance, repair, ordiagnostic task according to the data received from the expert systemcomprises creating a work item in which the specified maintenance,repair, or diagnostic task is to perform a calibration task, areplacement task, or an inspection task.
 8. A method according to claim1, wherein selecting a person to execute the task specified in the workitem comprises selecting a person according to location data receivedfrom a device associated with the selected person.
 9. A method accordingto claim 1, further comprising creating and storing a permission tokenassociated with the specified task, associated with a process controldevice associated with the specified task, or both, wherein thepermission token is required in order for the selected person to performthe specified task on the process control device associated with thespecified task.
 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein selecting aperson to execute the task specified in the work item comprisesselecting a person according to (1) (i) the task specified in the workitem, (ii) a process control device associated with the specified task,or (iii) both, and (2) a plurality of personnel profiles accessible bythe supervisor module.
 11. A method according to claim 1, whereinreceiving data from an expert system comprises receiving an instructionto perform at least one of the following actions: (ii) inspect a processcontrol device; (iii) calibrate a process control device; (iv) record anaudio sample; (v) capture an image or a video; (vi) perform maintenanceon a process control device; (vii) repair a process control device;(viii) replace a process control device; or (ix) adjust a processcontrol parameter.
 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein creating awork item comprises creating a work item specifying a maintenance,repair, or diagnostic task and an equipment target related to thespecified task, and further specifying at least one of the following:tools or equipment necessary to perform the specified task; (ii) apriority level for the work item; (iii) a required skill set necessaryto perform the specified task; (iv) a required start time and/or date;or (v) a required completion time and/or date.
 13. A method according toclaim 1, further comprising scheduling the execution of the work item.14. A method according to claim 13, wherein scheduling the execution ofthe work item comprises scheduling the execution of the work itemaccording to at least one of the following: (i) a scheduled routethrough the process plant associated with the selected person; (ii) ascheduled delivery of input materials for a process executed by theprocess plant; (iii) a scheduled delivery of a product produced by theprocess plant; (iv) predicted weather conditions; (v) a scheduledshipping time of a product produced by the process plant; (vi) apredicted or scheduled completion time of a process of the processplant; or (vii) a predicted or scheduled arrival of tools, equipment, orparts necessary to complete the specified task.
 15. A method accordingto claim 1, wherein selecting a person to execute the task specified inthe work item comprises storing the work item in a database from whichpersonnel select a work item to execute.
 16. A method according to claim15, wherein selecting a person to execute the task specified in the workitem further comprises: receiving from the mobile control deviceassociated with a person a request to execute the work item; andcomparing a profile associated with the person to information stored inthe work item to determine whether the person is qualified to executethe work item.
 17. A process control system of a process plant, theprocess control system comprising: a plurality of process controldevices, a process controller configured to control the plurality ofprocess control devices; a big data historian storing sensor andparameter data of the process control system; an expert system coupledto the big data historian and operable to analyze the sensor andparameter data stored by the big data historian; and a supervisor modulecoupled to the expert system and operable to assign maintenance, repair,or diagnostic tasks to personnel in the process plant, the supervisorengine configured to: receive data indicating a process parameterrelated to operation of the process plant from the expert system; createa work item, wherein the work item specifies a target equipment and amaintenance, repair, or diagnostic task to be performed on the targetequipment according to the data indicating the process parameter; selecta person to execute the maintenance, repair, or diagnostic taskspecified in the work item according to a personnel profile accessibleby the supervisor module that specifies a skill set, a role, acertification, or a credential; send the work item to a mobile controldevice associated with the selected person, the mobile control deviceoperable to communicate with the controller to perform control actionsin the process plant; and receive an indication that the selected personhas accepted the work item.
 18. A system according to claim 17, whereinreceiving data from the expert system comprises receiving dataindicating a trend associated with the process parameter.
 19. A systemaccording to claim 17, wherein receiving data from the expert systemcomprises receiving data indicating the process parameter correlatedwith a predicted problem in the process plant.
 20. A system according toclaim 17, wherein receiving data from the expert system comprisesreceiving a request to provide the expert system with a parameter value.21. A system according to claim 20, wherein creating a work itemspecifying a maintenance, repair, or diagnostic task according to thedata received from the expert system comprises creating a work item inwhich the specified task is to observe and record a parameter value thatis not transmitted automatically from a device that senses theparameter.
 22. A system according to claim 17, wherein receiving datafrom the expert system comprises receiving an instruction to perform aparticular action with respect to a process control device.
 23. A systemaccording to claim 17, wherein creating a work item specifying amaintenance, repair, or diagnostic task according to the data receivedfrom the expert system comprises creating a work item in which thespecified task is to perform a calibration task, a replacement task, oran inspection task.
 24. A system according to claim 17, whereinselecting a person to execute the task specified in the work itemcomprises selecting a person according to location data received from adevice associated with the selected person.
 25. A system according toclaim 17, the supervisor module further operable to create and store apermission token associated with the specified task, associated with aprocess control device associated with the specified task, or both,wherein the permission token is required in order for the selectedperson to perform the specified task on the process control deviceassociated with the specified task.
 26. A system according to claim 17,wherein selecting a person to execute the task specified in the workitem comprises selecting a person according to (1) (i) the taskspecified in the work item, (ii) a process control device associatedwith the specified task, or (iii) both, and (2) a plurality of personnelprofiles accessible by the supervisor module.
 27. A system according toclaim 17, wherein receiving data from the expert system comprisesreceiving an instruction to perform at least one of the followingactions: (i) observe and record a parameter; (ii) inspect a processcontrol device; (iii) calibrate a process control device; (iv) record anaudio sample; (v) capture an image or a video; (vi) perform maintenanceon a process control device; (vii) repair a process control device;(viii) replace a process control device; or (ix) adjust a processcontrol parameter.
 28. A system according to claim 17, wherein creatinga work item comprises creating a work item specifying a maintenance,repair, or diagnostic task and an equipment target related to thespecified task, and further specifying at least one of the following:(i) tools or equipment necessary to perform the specified task; (ii) apriority level for the work item; (iii) a required skill set necessaryto perform the specified task; (iv) a required start time and/or date;or (v) a required completion time and/or date.
 29. A system according toclaim 17, wherein the supervisor module is further operable to schedulethe execution of the work item.
 30. A system according to claim 29,wherein scheduling the execution of the work item comprises schedulingthe execution of the work item according to at least one of thefollowing: (i) a scheduled route through the process plant associatedwith the selected person; (ii) a scheduled delivery of input materialsfor a process executed by the process plant; (iii) a scheduled deliveryof a product produced by the process plant; (iv) predicted weatherconditions; (v) a scheduled shipping time of a product produced by theprocess plant; (vi) a predicted or scheduled completion time of aprocess of the process plant; or (vii) a predicted or scheduled arrivalof tools, equipment, or parts necessary to complete the specified task.31. A system according to claim 17, wherein selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item comprises storing the workitem in a database from which personnel select a work item to execute.32. A system according to claim 31, wherein selecting a person toexecute the task specified in the work item further comprises: receivingfrom the mobile control device associated with a person a request toexecute the work item; and comparing a profile associated with theperson to information stored in the work item to determine whether theperson is qualified to execute the work item.